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研究生: 余家和
YU, CHIA-HO
論文名稱: 噴覆成型釹鐵硼合金組織與性質的探討
Synthesis on microstructure and properties of Spray-formed Nd-Fe-B alloy
指導教授: 曹紀元
Tsao, Chi-Yuan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 132
中文關鍵詞: 飽和磁化量磁能積矯頑磁力微晶粒快速凝固非晶質噴覆成型
外文關鍵詞: Energy product, Saturation magnetization, coercivity, nanocrystalline, Rapid Solidification, Spray forming, Amorphous
相關次數: 點閱:98下載:1
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  • 本研究將探討快速凝固製程-“噴覆成型技術”及配合不同冷卻速率大小之基板,製作釹鐵硼合金,後續施以適當結晶化處理,以獲得適當晶粒之塊狀釹鐵硼合金,並與傳統鑄造及融熔旋淬兩種不同冷卻速率之釹鐵硼合金,互相比較其微結構與性質之差異。
    經研究觀察在冷卻速率最慢(鑄造材),晶粒大小平均約為200m,晶界有大量富Nd相析出,飽和磁化量約為8.2kG,本質矯頑磁力與磁能積幾乎為零。冷卻速率中等 (噴覆成型材),因液滴飛行距離過長,導致基地有大量不規則等軸狀軟磁相α- Fe析出,且硬磁相T1相則受到冷卻基板抑制,而結構趨向非晶質態,以致磁性質不佳,飽和磁化量為11.33kG,本質矯頑磁力為0.2,磁能積趨近於零。冷卻速率最高 (熔融旋淬薄帶),因液滴飛行距離較短,直接得大量共晶T1相及共晶富Nd相。所以使得本質矯頑磁力高達20.7 kOe,磁能積也高達8.64 MGOe,飽和磁化量為9.13kG。
    施以600C、650C、700C及800C之不同熱處理溫度,時間為30分鐘。研究觀察顯示,顯微結構隨著熱處理溫度增加,基地相有富Nd相的產生。另外,基地相中存在大量不規則等軸狀之富鐵相(-Fe),會隨著熱處理溫度增加而逐漸減少。還有大小約50nm之微粒相存在於基地相中。在800C熱處理條件下,有最佳磁性質表現,飽和磁化量(Ms)為8.07kG,本質矯頑磁力(iHc)為4.36kOe,磁能積((BH)max)為2.25MGOe。

    The Nd-Fe-B alloys investigated in the thesis that produced by the rapid solidif- ycation process of Spray Forming technology. A crystallization treatment has been found to produce suitable grain bulk Nd-Fe-B alloys. The cooling rate of this method is different than that of conventional casting and Melt spinning. The microstructure and properties are than compared.
    With the slow cooling rate(As-cast), the grain size averaged about 200m, the grain boundary precipitated a high quantity Nd-rich region, Ms about 8.2kG, iHc and (BH)max both of nearly zero. With the middle cooling rate(Spray forming), because the spray distance of the droplet was longer, it lead to the formation of a high quantity of the irregular equiaxis -Fe and a microstructure of hard magnetic phase(T1 phase ) tend to Amorphous controlled by cooling substrate. With the highest cooling rate (Melt-spinning), because the spray distance of the droplet was shorter, We directly obtained a high quantity eutectic T1 phase and eutectic Nd-rich. This resulted in a high iHc ~20.7 kOe, (BH)max of about 8.64 MG Oe and Ms of about 9.13 kG.
    The heat treatment temperature was approximately to 600C, 650C, 700C and 800C, The time was for 30 min. Nd-rich precipitated from matrix and the irregular equiaxis -Fe disappear depend on increasing heat treatment temperature. In addition, the matrix produced a nanoparticle phase of about 50nm. At a heat treatment condition of 800C magnets showed an excellent value of Ms about 8.07Kg, iHc ~4.36 kOe and (BH)max ~ 2.25 MGOe.

    中文摘要 英文摘要 致謝 總目錄……………………………………………………………………I 表目錄………………………………………………………………… IV 圖目錄………………………………………………………………… v 第一章 緒論 1-1 前言……………………………………………………………1 1-2 研究目的………………………………………………………3 1-3 稀土永磁合金的發展簡介……………………………………4 1-4 釹鐵硼合金之晶體結構和基本特性…………………………8 第二章 理論基礎 2-1 材料磁性的來源 …………………………………………… 10 2-1-1 磁性分類………………………………………………………11 2-2 磁化曲線與磁滯曲線 2-2-1 磁化曲線………………………………………………………14 2-2-2 磁化過程的機制………………………………………………15 2-2-3 磁滯曲線………………………………………………………16 2-3 磁性異向性與磁的交互作用…………………………………18 2-4 稀土永磁合金的交換耦合效應………………………………20 2-5 磁硬化機制 2-5-1 反向磁區孕核及成長型機構…………………………………21 2-5-2 磁區壁栓固型機構……………………………………………21 2-5-3 單磁區/微晶型機構 …………………………………………22 2-6 噴覆成型製程 ……………………………………………… 23 2-6-1 結晶材料之霧化、沈積過程的機制…………………………24 2-6-2 推測非晶質材料之霧化、沈積過程的機制…………………24 2-7 釹鐵硼之平衡凝固與非平衡凝固之三元相圖 2-7-1 平衡凝固………………………………………………………27 2-7-1 非平衡凝固……………………………………………………29 第三章 實驗方法與步驟 3-1 實驗流程………………………………………………………30 3-2 噴覆成型釹鐵硼合金之製作…………………………………31 3-3 熔融旋淬之釹鐵硼合金製作…………………………………33 3-4 分析與量測 3-4-1 釹鐵硼合金之微觀組織分析…………………………………34 3-4-2 結晶結構分析…………………………………………………35 3-4-3 磁性分析………………………………………………………35 3-4-4 熱性質分析……………………………………………………36 3-4-5 成分分析………………………………………………………37 3-4-6 粒徑分析………………………………………………………38 3-6-7 熱處理…………………………………………………………38 3-3-8 其他分析與量測………………………………………………38 第四章 實驗結果與討論 4-1 噴覆成型釹鐵硼之結果………………………………………39 4-2 釹鐵硼之熱性質探討 4-2-1 不同釹鐵硼製程之高溫熱差分析探討………………………40 4-2-2 不同釹鐵硼製程之熱磁分析探討……………………………41 4-3 釹鐵硼之顯微結構探討 4-3-1 噴覆成型製程之顯微結構探討………………………………42 4-3-2 鑄造之顯微結構探討…………………………………………45 4-3-3 旋淬薄帶之顯微結構探討……………………………………46 4-4 釹鐵硼之結晶結構探討 4-4-1 不同噴覆成型製程參數之結晶結構探討……………………47 4-4-2 不同製程之結晶結構探討……………………………………48 4-5 釹鐵硼之磁性質探討 4-5-1 不同噴覆成型製程參數之顯微組織對磁性質的影響………49 4-5-2 不同製程之顯微組織對磁性質的影響………………………50 4-6 比較鑄造與噴覆成型之成分差異……………………………51 4-7 熱處理對噴覆成型製程釹鐵硼性質之探討 4-7-1 熱處理對顯微結構的影響……………………………………52 4-7-2 熱處理對結晶結構的影響……………………………………54 4-7-3 熱處理對熱磁相的影響………………………………………54 4-7-4 熱處理對磁性質的影響………………………………………55 第五章 結 論 5-1 以噴覆成型設備製作釹鐵硼合金……………………………56 5-2 不同製程釹鐵硼合金之結果差異……………………………56 5-3 改善噴覆成型製程釹鐵硼合金的方法………………………56 第六章 參考文獻………………………………………………………58 圖 表………………………………………………………………………64

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