| 研究生: |
余家和 YU, CHIA-HO |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
噴覆成型釹鐵硼合金組織與性質的探討 Synthesis on microstructure and properties of Spray-formed Nd-Fe-B alloy |
| 指導教授: |
曹紀元
Tsao, Chi-Yuan |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系 Department of Materials Science and Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2004 |
| 畢業學年度: | 92 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 132 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 飽和磁化量 、磁能積 、矯頑磁力 、微晶粒 、快速凝固 、非晶質 、噴覆成型 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Energy product, Saturation magnetization, coercivity, nanocrystalline, Rapid Solidification, Spray forming, Amorphous |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:98 下載:1 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究將探討快速凝固製程-“噴覆成型技術”及配合不同冷卻速率大小之基板,製作釹鐵硼合金,後續施以適當結晶化處理,以獲得適當晶粒之塊狀釹鐵硼合金,並與傳統鑄造及融熔旋淬兩種不同冷卻速率之釹鐵硼合金,互相比較其微結構與性質之差異。
經研究觀察在冷卻速率最慢(鑄造材),晶粒大小平均約為200m,晶界有大量富Nd相析出,飽和磁化量約為8.2kG,本質矯頑磁力與磁能積幾乎為零。冷卻速率中等 (噴覆成型材),因液滴飛行距離過長,導致基地有大量不規則等軸狀軟磁相α- Fe析出,且硬磁相T1相則受到冷卻基板抑制,而結構趨向非晶質態,以致磁性質不佳,飽和磁化量為11.33kG,本質矯頑磁力為0.2,磁能積趨近於零。冷卻速率最高 (熔融旋淬薄帶),因液滴飛行距離較短,直接得大量共晶T1相及共晶富Nd相。所以使得本質矯頑磁力高達20.7 kOe,磁能積也高達8.64 MGOe,飽和磁化量為9.13kG。
施以600C、650C、700C及800C之不同熱處理溫度,時間為30分鐘。研究觀察顯示,顯微結構隨著熱處理溫度增加,基地相有富Nd相的產生。另外,基地相中存在大量不規則等軸狀之富鐵相(-Fe),會隨著熱處理溫度增加而逐漸減少。還有大小約50nm之微粒相存在於基地相中。在800C熱處理條件下,有最佳磁性質表現,飽和磁化量(Ms)為8.07kG,本質矯頑磁力(iHc)為4.36kOe,磁能積((BH)max)為2.25MGOe。
The Nd-Fe-B alloys investigated in the thesis that produced by the rapid solidif- ycation process of Spray Forming technology. A crystallization treatment has been found to produce suitable grain bulk Nd-Fe-B alloys. The cooling rate of this method is different than that of conventional casting and Melt spinning. The microstructure and properties are than compared.
With the slow cooling rate(As-cast), the grain size averaged about 200m, the grain boundary precipitated a high quantity Nd-rich region, Ms about 8.2kG, iHc and (BH)max both of nearly zero. With the middle cooling rate(Spray forming), because the spray distance of the droplet was longer, it lead to the formation of a high quantity of the irregular equiaxis -Fe and a microstructure of hard magnetic phase(T1 phase ) tend to Amorphous controlled by cooling substrate. With the highest cooling rate (Melt-spinning), because the spray distance of the droplet was shorter, We directly obtained a high quantity eutectic T1 phase and eutectic Nd-rich. This resulted in a high iHc ~20.7 kOe, (BH)max of about 8.64 MG Oe and Ms of about 9.13 kG.
The heat treatment temperature was approximately to 600C, 650C, 700C and 800C, The time was for 30 min. Nd-rich precipitated from matrix and the irregular equiaxis -Fe disappear depend on increasing heat treatment temperature. In addition, the matrix produced a nanoparticle phase of about 50nm. At a heat treatment condition of 800C magnets showed an excellent value of Ms about 8.07Kg, iHc ~4.36 kOe and (BH)max ~ 2.25 MGOe.
1. 黃明山,釹鐵硼永久磁體顯微結構與磁性研究,國立成功大學碩士論文,75年7 月。
2.Sun, H.; Tomida, T.; Hirosawa, S.; Maehara, Y.,Magnetic properties and
microstruc ture studies of Nd-Fe-B thin films,Journal of Magnetism and
Magnetic Materials,Vol. 164,Issue:1-2,pp. 18-26 (1996)。
3.Wen-sheng sun, Shan-dong Li, Mingxiu Quan,The effect of phase constituent
on the magnetic properties for melt-spun Nd15Fe77B ribbons,Journal of
magnetism and magnetis materials,Vol.6,pp307-312 (1997)。
4.M. Takahashi, K. Uchida, and Taniguchi,High perfor mance NdFeB sintered
magnets made by the wet process,Journal of applied physics,Vol.83,No.11,
pp6042-6044 (1998)。
5.T. Harada, M. Fujita, T. Kuji,NdFeB die upset magnet produced from
amorphous bulk materials,Alloys and compounds,pp.139-143 (1996)。
6.W. Rodewald, B. Wall, W. Ferenngel ,Grain growth kinetics in sintered NdFeB
magnets,IEEE transactions on magnetics,Vol.33,No.5,pp.3841-3844 (1997)。
7.H. Z. Kong, J. Ding, L. Wang and Y. Li,Bulk hard magnetic alloys in Nd-Fe-B
system prepared by casting and melt spinning,Materials Transactions,pp.674-
677 (2001)。
8.E. A. Nesbitt, J. H. Wernick and E. Corenzwit,Magnetic Moment of alloys and
compounds of Iron and Cobalt with rare earth metal addition, J. Appl.
Phys.,Vol 30,pp.368 (1959)。
9.W. M. Hubbard, E. Adams and J. V. Gilfrich,Magnetic moments of alloys of
Gadolinium with Some of the transition elements,J. Appl. Phys. Vol.31,
pp.368 (1960)。
10.G. Hoffer and K. Strnat,Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Yco5 and Y2Co17,
IEEE transactions on magnetics,Vol.2,pp.487 (1966)。
11.K. J. Strnat, G. Hoffer, J. Olson, W. Ostertag and J.J. Becker,A family of
new Cobalt-base permanent magnet materials,J. Appl. Phys. Vol.38,pp.1001
(1967)。
12.D. K. Das,Twenty million energy product samarium-Cobalt magnet,IEEE
transact tions on magnetics,MAG-5,No.3,pp.214 (1969)。
13.Benz. M.G. et al.,Cobalt-Rare Earth permanent magnet alloys,Cobalt,
No.50,pp.11 (1971)。
14.D. L. Martin et al.,Cobalt-Rare Earth permanent magnet alloys,Cobalt,
No.50 (1971)。
15.A. C. Eqmopehko et al.,Cobalt-Rare Earth permanent magnet alloys,Cobalt,
No.50,pp.499 (1971)。
16.A. E. Clark,High-field magnetization and coercivity of amorphous rare-
earth-Fe2 alloys ,Appl. Phys. Lett.,Vol.23,pp.642 (1973)。
17.J. J. Croat,Preparation and coercive force of melt-spun Pr-Fe alloys,
Appl. Phys. Lett.,Vol.37,pp.1096 (1980)。
18.J. J. Croat,Magnetic properties of melt-spun Pr-Fe alloys,J. Appl. Phys.
Vol.52,pp.2509(1981)。
19.J. J. Croat,Observation of large room-temperature coercivity in melt-spun
Nd0.4Fe0.6,Appl. Phys. Lett.,Vol.39,pp.357(1981)。
20.N. C. Koon and B. N. Das,magnetic properties of amorphous and crystallized
(Fe0.82B0.18)0.9Tb0.05 La0.05,Appl. Phys. Lett.,Vol.39,pp.840(1981)。
21.J. J. Becker,Rapidly quenched metals for permanent magnet materials,J.
Appl. Phys. Vol.55,pp.2067(1984) 。
22.G. C. Hadjipanayis, R. C. Hazelton and K. R. Lawless,Cobalt-free permanent
magnet materials based on iron-rare-earth alloys,J. Appl. Phys. Vol.55,
pp.2073(1984) 。
23.H. H. Stadelmaier and H.K. Park,Metallked,Vol.72,pp.417 (1981) 。
24.M. Sagawa, S. Fujimura, N. Togawa, H. Yamamoto and Y. Matsuura,New
materials for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe,J. Appl. Phys.
Vol.55,pp.2083(1984)。
25.J. J. Croat, J. F. Herbst, R. W. Lee and F.E. Pinkerton,J. Appl. Phys.
Vol.55,pp.2078(1984) 。
26.D. J. Sellmyer, A. Ahmed, G. Muench and G. Hadjipanayis,Magnetic hardening
in rapidly quenched Fe-Pr and Fe-Nd alloys,J. Appl. Phys. Vol.55,p.2088
(1984)。
27.R. W. Lee,Hot-pressed neodymium-iron-boron magnets,Appl. Phys. Lett.,
Vol.46,pp.790 (1985)。
28.Eckart F. Kneller and Reinhard Hawig,The Exchange-Spring Magnet:A New
Material Principle for Permanent Magnets,IEEE transactions on magnetics,
MAG-27,pp.3588-3600(1991)。
29.J. F. Herbst,R2Fe14B materials:Intrinsic properties and technological
aspects,Rew. Mod. Phys.,Vol.63,No.4,pp.819 (1991)。
30.R. Ramesh, G. Thomas,Interrelationships between Structure and Property in
Magnetic Materials,Materials Science and Engineering,B3,pp.435-441
(1989)。
31.J. D. Livingston,Soft and Hard Magnetic Materials with Applications,pp.72
(1986)。
32.Yu Fuxiao, Cui Jianzhong, S. Ranganathan, E. S. Dwarakadasa,Fundamental
differences between spray forming and other semisolid processes,Mat. Sci.
and Eng.,A304-A306,pp.621-626(2001)。
33.J.L.Estrada, J. Duszczyk,Characteristics of Rapidly Solidified Al-Si-X
Performs Produced by the Osprey Process,Journal of Materials Science 25,
pp.1382-1391, (1990)。
34.Metals Park, Ohio: American Society for Metals,Metallic glasses: papers
presented at a seminar of the Materials Science Division of the American
Society for Metals,p. 36-40.
35.Tsuyoshi Masumoto,recent progress in amorphous metallic materials in
Japan,Materials Science and Engineering,A Volume: 179-180,pp.8-16(1994)。
36.Lu, Z.P.; Li, Y.; Ng, S.C.,Reduced glass transition temperature and glass
forming ability of bulk glass forming alloys,Journal of Non-Crystalline
Solids Volume: 270,Issue: 1-3,pp.103-114(2000)。
37.Y. Li, S. C. Ng, C. K. Ong, H. H. Hng, T. T. Goh,Glass forming ability of
bulk glass forming alloys,Scripta Materialia Volume: 36,No. 7,pp.783-787
(1997)。
38.Schroers, J.; Busch, R.; Bossuyt, S.; Johnson, W.L.,Crystallization
behavior of the bulk metallic glass forming Zr41Ti14Cu12Ni10Be23 liquid,
Materials Science and Engineering: A Volume: 304-306,pp.287-291 (2001)。
39.Oguchi M.; Inoue A.; Yamaguchi H.; Masumoto T.,Production of Aluminum-
Based Amorphous Sheets With Large Thickness by a Supercooled Liquid-
Quenching Method,Journal of materials science letters,Vol.10, pp.289-291
(1991)。
40.Akihisa Inoue, Masahiro Oguchi, Hitoshi Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi Masumoto,Alumi
num-base amorphous powders with Flaky morphology prepared by a two-stage
quen ching technique, Materials Transactions, JIM (Japan),Vol.30,No.12,
pp.1033-1043, (1989)。
41.A. Inoue, T.Komura, J. Saida, M. Oguchi, H. M. Kimura, T. Masumoto,
Production of Flaky amorphous alloy powders in Co-Si-B system by a Two-
stage quenching techni que of gas atomization and centrifugal spinning,
International Journal of rapid solidify cation, Vol. 4, p.181-195(1989)。
42.周壽增、董清飛,超強永磁體—稀土鐵系永磁合金,北京冶金工業出版社,1999年。
43.郭俐蘭,奈米晶NdFeTiCB系薄帶磁性及矯頑機制之研究,國立中正大學物理研究所碩士
論文,91年6 月。
44.張晃暐、張文成、J. C. Ho, M. Unver and H. H. Hamdeh,B含量變化對PrFeB複合奈
米晶薄帶磁性、相變化及磁性後效之研究,粉末冶金會刊,第28卷,第一期,pp.4-11
(2003)。
45.H. W. Chang, W. C. Chang, J. C. Ho, W. H. Hikal and H. H. Hamdeh,Magnetic
properties and Mössbauer studies of PryFe90-yB10(y = 8 - 11.76)
nanocomposites.,PHYSICA B,Vol.327,pp.292-295(2003)。
46.Q. Chen and B. M. Ma, B. Lu, M. Q. Huang, and D. E. Laughlin,A study in
the exchange coupling of NdFeB-type nanocomposites using Henkel plots,J.
Appl. Phys.,Vol.85,No.8,pp.5917-5919(1999) 。
47.B. G. Shen, J. X. Zhang, L. Y. Yang, F. WO, T. S. Ning, S. Q. Ji, J. G.
Zhao, H. Q. Guo and W. S. Zhan,Magnetic properties and phase components in
amorphous (Fe1-xNdx)81.5 B18.5 alloys after crystallization,Journal of
Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,Vol.89,pp.195-200(1990)。
48.郭俐蘭,交換彈性效應NdFeB合金薄帶之磁性研究,國立中正大學物理研究所碩士論
文,84年6 月。
49.A. Ahmad, P. J. McGuiness, and I. R. Harris,A study of the microstructures
and the effects of coating on Nd2Fe14B alloys,IEEE transactions in
magnetics,Vol.26,No.5,pp.2625-2627(1990)。
50.T. harada and T. Kuji,Crystallization of amorphous melt-spun Nd15Fe77Bx(X
= 6-14 ) alloys,J. Mater. Res.,Vol.9,No.2,pp.372-376(1994)。
51.N. C. Koon, B. N. Das, M. Rubinstein and J. Tyson, J. Appl. Phys., Vol.57,
4091-4093 (1985)。
52.K. Kaneko, K. Tokuhara and N. Ishigaki, J. J. Soc. Pow der and Powder
Metallurgy, Vol. 42, 695-700 (1985)。
53.姚俊敏、金重勳,第九屆磁學與磁性技術研討會論文集,181-184,83年7月。
54.姚俊敏、方昭訓、金重勳,第十屆磁學與磁性技術研討會論文集,307-309,84年7月。
55.幸道明、張文成,第十屆磁學與磁性技術研討會論文集,98-101,84年7月。
56.G. Hilschow, R. Grossinger, s.Heise, H. Sassik, and G. Wiesinger, J. Magn.
Magn. Mater., Vol. 54-57, 577 (1986)。
57.D. Cochet,-Muchy and S. Paidassi, Int. J. Rapid Solidif., Vol. 5, 11
(1989)。
58.J. Wecker and L. Schultz, J. Appl. Phys, Vol. 62, 990 (1987)。
59.G-h. Tu, Z. Altounian, D. H. Ryan, and J. O. Strom -Olsen, J. Appl. Phys,
Vol. 63, 3330 (1988)。
60.T. Harada, T. Ando, R. C. O’Handly, and N. J. Grant, J. Appl. Phys, Vol.
67, 4233 (1990)。
61.R. W. McCallum, A. M. Kadin, G. B. Clemente, J. E. Keem, J. Appl. Phys,
Vol. 61, 3577 (1987)。
62.S. I. Hatta, T. Mizoguchi, J. Appl. Phys, Vol. 63, 597 (1988)。
63.A. Manaf, R. A. Buckley, H. A. Davies, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Vol.128, 302
(1993)。
64.K. Siratori, K. Nagayama , H. Ino, N. Saito, Y. Nakagama, IEEE Trans.
Magn., Vol. 23, 2302 (1987)。
65.N. J Jeung, I. K. Kang, J. O. Choi, J. J. Lee, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 26,
1733 (1990)。
66.D. W. Scott, B. M. Ma, Y. L. Liang, and C. O. Bounds, J. Appl. Phys, 4830
(1996)。
67.J. Bernardi, J. Fidler, M. Sagawa, and Y. Hirose, J. Appl. Phys, Vol. 83,
6396 (1998)。
68.K. G. Satyanarayana, S. N. Ojha, D. Naresh Nath Kumar, G. V. S. Sastry,
Mater. Sci. & Eng., Vol. A304- 306, 627-631 (2001)。
69.Wang Zhenxi, Yu Boliang, Wang Yizhong, Huang Jiao Hong, Yin Lin and Feng
Minying, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 99, 123-126 (1988)。
70. R. Coehoorn and J. Duchateau, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 99,
131-135 (1988)。
71.J. M. Cadogan, D. H. Ryan and J. M. D. Coey, Materials Science and
Engineering, Vol. 99, 143-146 (1988)。
72.D. Cochet-Muchy and S. Paidassi, Int. J. Rapid Solidif., Vol. 5, 11 (1989)。
73.H. W. Kerr and W. Kurz, Int. Mater. Rev., Vol. 41, No.4, 129 (1996)。
74.W. C Chang, S. H. Wu, B. M. Ma, C. O. Bounds,Magnetic properties
enhancement of nanocomposite Nd9.5Fe81.5B9 melt-spun ribbons by La and Cr
substitution,J. Appl. Phys. Vol.81,pp.4453(1997)。
75.A.A. El-Moneim, A. Gebert, F. Schneider, O. Gutfleisch, L. Schultz,Grain
growth effects on the corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline NdFeB magnets,
Corrosion Science. Vol.44,pp.1097-1112(2002)。
76.Shunpei Ozawa, Jun Yoshizawa, Tetsuji Saito and Tetsuichi Motegi,
Microstructure of Nd-Fe-B alloys solidified under microgravity conditions,
Materials Transaction ,JIM,Vol.41,No.9,pp.1121-1124(2000)。
77.W. L. Liu, Y. L. Liang, B. M. Ma and C. O. Bounds,Effects of Nb addition
and or Casting method on the amount of precipitated Fe in NdFeB alloys,
IEEE transactions in magnetics,Vol.28,No.5,pp.2154-2156(1992)。