| 研究生: |
陳詩涵 Chen, Shih-Han |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
以循環設計視角驅動企業實踐循環商業模式之路:以 Leafer 綠盒循環設計為例 The Path Towards Corporate Circular Business Model Implementation Driven by Circular Design Perspective:A Case Study of Leafer Circular Design |
| 指導教授: |
周信輝
Chou, Hsin-Hui |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 經營管理碩士學位學程(AMBA) Advanced Master of Business Administration (AMBA) |
| 論文出版年: | 2024 |
| 畢業學年度: | 112 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 80 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 循環設計 、循環商業模式 、循環經濟 、質性研究方法 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Circular design, Circular business model , Circular economy, Qualitative Research Method |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:47 下載:9 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
隨著資源和環境問題日益嚴峻,循環經濟的趨勢備受全球重視,被認為是實現永續發展的有效途徑。同時,企業在經營上也面臨著永續發展的挑戰,但傳統線性經營模式的企業往往難以犧牲短期利潤來追求長期環境效益,要邁向循環經濟商業模式的轉型是一大挑戰,因此需要創新的商業模式創造實質經濟效益,而循環設計能作為達成循環經濟的關鍵推手,因產品材料的循環利用程度有 80% 取決於設計階段,在產品和服務設計階段就融入資源循環利用理念,能減少原料採購和廢棄物產生,最大限度地保留和利用資源價值,為企業降低成本增加獲利來源。
本研究發現對企業而言,若實踐循環經濟能夠同時實現經濟效益,才會更有動力付諸實施,而循環設計可以通過延長產品使用壽命、提高資源利用率、產品服務化收入等多種路徑,直接或間接為企業創造新的獲利點,從而驅動循環商業模式的建立。本研究旨在探討如何利用循環設計,協助企業發展循環商業模式,並同時實現經濟與環境效益的雙贏,研究結果將提出循環設計在推動企業實踐循環商業模式的理論與實務意涵。
As resource and environmental issues become increasingly severe, the trend of the circular economy has gained global attention as an effective pathway to achieving sustainable development. Meanwhile, businesses also face challenges in pursuing sustainability in their operations. However, traditional linear business models often struggle to sacrifice short-term profits to pursue long-term environmental benefits. The transition to circular economy business models poses a major challenge, Therefore, innovative business models are needed to create substantial economic benefits. Circular design can serve as a key driver in constructing the circular economy, as 80% of the degree of material circulation depends on the design stage. Integrating the concept of resource circulation into product and service design can reduce raw material procurement and waste generation, maximizing the retention and utilization of resource value, thus reducing costs and increasing profit sources for businesses.
Circular design can create new profit points for businesses through various pathways such as extending product lifespan, increasing resource utilization, and generating revenue from product services, thereby driving the establishment of circular business models. This study aims to explore how to use circular design to develop circular business model strategies for enterprises while simultaneously achieving win-win economic and environmental benefits. The research findings will propose theoretical and practical implications of circular design in promoting the implementation of circular business models by enterprises.
世界企業永續發展協會(WBCSD)&波士頓顧問公司(BCG)。 (2018)。The New Big Circle: Achieving growth and business model innovation through circular economy implementation (pp. 10-17)。
世界企業永續發展協會(WBCSD)。(2018)。Circular Metrics Landscape Analysis: 循環測量指標全貌分析。
宋同正, 佘佳慧. (2018)。循環設計的趨勢與價值. Sustainable Industrial Development Journal.
陳, 惠琳. (2021). 循環設計的幕後推手-陳惠琳專訪. leaferdesign. https://leaferdesign.medium.com/%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%95%E5%BE%8C%E6%8E%A8%E6%89%8B-%E9%99%B3%E6%83%A0%E7%90%B3%E5%B0%88%E8%A8%AA-87e15a536a47
吳, 泓瑞. (2022). 從策略、產品到服務,以循環思考看設計。—透過創新促進企業光合作用的「綠盒循環設計」。 群運環保。https://www.chyunn.com/2022/05/%E5%BE%9E%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E3%80%81%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E5%88%B0%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%A5%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%80%82-%E9%80%8F/
Allwood, J. M., Ashby, M. F., Gutowski, T. G., & Worrell, E. (2011). Material efficiency: A white paper. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(3), 362-381.
Antikainen, M., Valkokari, K., Korhonen, H., & Wallenius, M. (2013). Exploring networked innovation in order to shape sustainable markets. In ISPIM Conference Proceedings (p. 1). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM).
Adams, W. C. (2015). Conducting semi-structured interviews. Handbook of practical program evaluation, 492.
Annarelli, A., Battistella, C., & Nonino, F. (2016). Product service system: A conceptual framework from a systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 139(10), 1011-1032.
Atasu, A., Dumas, C., & Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2021, July–August). The circular business model. Harvard Business Review.
Byggeth, S., & Hochschorner, E. (2006). Handling trade-offs in ecodesign tools for sustainable product development and procurement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 14(15-16), 1420-1430.
Brown, T. (2008). Design thinking. Harvard business review, 86(6), 84.
Braungart, M., & McDonough, W. (2009). Cradle to cradle: Remaking the way we make things. Vintage.
Braungart, M., McDonough, W., & Bollinger, A. (2007). Cradle-to-cradle design: Creating healthy emissions–a strategy for eco-effective product and system design. Journal of cleaner production, 15(13-14), 1337-1348.
Boons, F., & Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner production, 45, 9-19.
Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J., & Wagner, M. (2013). Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview. Journal of cleaner production, 45, 1-8.
Bocken, N., Short, S., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2013). A value mapping tool for sustainable business modelling. Corporate governance, 13(5), 482-497.
Bocken, N. M., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of cleaner production, 65, 42-56.
Bakker, C. A., Den Hollander, M. C., Van Hinte, E., & Zijlstra, Y. (2014). Products that last: Product design for circular business models. TU Delft Library.
Bakker, C., Wang, F., Huisman, J., & den Hollander, M. (2014). Products that go round: Exploring product life extension through design. Journal of Cleaner Production, 69, 10-16.
Bhamra, T., & Lofthouse, V. (2016). Design for sustainability: a practical approach. Routledge.
Bradbury‐Jones, C., Taylor, J., & Herber, O. (2014). How theory is used and articulated in qualitative research: Development of a new typology. Social science & medicine, 120, 135-141.
Bocken, N. M., de Pauw, I., Bakker, C., & van der Grinten, B. (2016). Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 33(5), 308-320.
Broeren, M. L., Zijp, M. C., Waaijers-van der Loop, S. L., Worrell, E., Shen, L., & Patel, M. K. (2016). Early stage design considerations for the circular economy—a case study on remanufacturing electronic products. In Electronics Goes Green 2016+(EGG), 2016 (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Brown,T. (2017). Foreword. In The Circular Design https://www.circulardesignguide.com
Breuer, H., & Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2017). Values-based network and business model innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management, 21(03), 1750028.
Brundage, M. P., O'Neill, K., Clark, K. B., & de Weck, O. (2018). Modelling product-service system capabilities for life-extension applications: initial explorations into an emerging design space. Procedia CIRP, 69, 803-808.
Bidmon, C. M., & Knab, S. F. (2018). The three roles of business models in societal transitions: New linkages between business model and transition research. Journal of Cleaner Production, 178, 903-916.
Boyacı, B., Akansu, S. O., & Gallego-Schmid, A. (2021). Transitioning towards a circular economy at the firm level: A closed-loop production planning approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 170, 105615.
Chestnut, H. (1967). SYSTEMS ENGINEERING METHODS.
Chesbrough, H. (2010). Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers. Long range planning, 43(2-3), 354-363.
Cooper, D. R., & Allwood, J. M. (2012). Reusing steel and aluminum components at end of product life. Environmental science & technology, 46(18), 10334-10340.
Ceschin, F., & Gaziulusoy, I. (2016). Evolution of design for sustainability: From product design to design for system innovations and transitions. Design studies, 47, 118-163.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Ceschin, F., & Gaziulusoy, I. (2016). Evolution of design for sustainability: From product design to design for system innovations and transitions. Design studies, 47, 118-163.
Casper, S. (2017). Introducing design in the circular economy. Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Denmark.
Camacho-Otero, J., Boks, C., & Pettersen, I. N. (2018). Consumption in the Circular Economy: A Literature Review. Sustainability, 10(8), 2758.
Denzin, N. K. (1994). The art and politics of interpretation. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S.
Dangelico, R. M., & Pujari, D. (2010). Mainstreaming green product innovation: Why and how companies integrate environmental sustainability. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(3), 471–486.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2011). The Sage handbook of qualitative research. sage.
Den Ouden, E. (2012). Innovation design: Creating value for people, organizations and society (p. 196). London: Springer.
Denzin, N. K. (2012). Triangulation 2.0. Journal of mixed methods research, 6(2), 80-88.
De los Rios, F., & Charnley, F. (2017). Skills and capabilities for a sustainable and circular economy: The changing role of design. Journal of Cleaner Production, 160, 109-122.
Den Hollander, M. C., Bakker, C. A., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). Product design in a circular economy: Development of a typology of key concepts and terms. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21(3), 517-525.
Desing, H., Braun, G., & Hischier, R. (2020). Ecological resource availability: a method to estimate resource budgets for a sustainable economy. Global Sustainability, 3, e31.
EMF. (2015). Growth within: A circular economy vision for a competitive Europe. https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/growth-within-a-circular-economy-vision-for-a-competitive-europe
EMF. (2013). Towards the circular economy: Opportunities for the consumer goods sector (Vol. 1). https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/towards-the-circular-economy-vol-1-an-economic-and-business-rationale-for-an
Frosch, R. A., & Gallopoulos, N. E. (1989). Strategies for manufacturing. Scientific American, 261(3), 144-153.
Fein, R. (1996). Modern manufacturing practices: what they mean to packaging. In Packaging Strategies: The Journal of Packaging Innovations.
Fiksel, J. (1996). Design for environment: creating eco-efficient products and processes.
Flick, U. (2004). Triangulation in qualitative research. A companion to qualitative research, 3, 178-183.
Fleischmann, K. (2019). Design-led innovation and Circular Economy practices in regional Queensland. Local Economy, 34(4), 382-402.
Funk, C., & Kennedy, B. (2020). How Americans see climate change and the environment in 7 charts.
Go, T. F., Wahab, D. A., & Hishamuddin, H. (2015). Multiple generation life-cycles for product sustainability: the way forward. Journal of Cleaner Production, 95, 16-29.
Gaziulusoy, A. I., & Brezet, H. (2015). Design for system innovations and transitions: A conceptual framework integrating insights from sustainablity science and theories of system innovations and transitions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 558-568.
Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C., & Ulgiati, S. (2016). A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems. Journal of Cleaner production, 114, 11-32.
Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The circular economy–A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757-768.
Genovese, A., Acquaye, A. A., Figueroa, A., & Koh, S. L. (2017). Sustainable supply chain management and the transition towards a circular economy: Evidence and some applications. Omega, 66, 344-357.
Govindan, K., & Hasanagic, M. (2018). A systematic review on drivers, barriers, and practices towards circular economy: a supply chain perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 56(1-2), 278-311.
Garmulewicz, A., Holweg, M., Veldhuis, H., & Yang, A. (2018). Disruptive technology as an enabler of the circular economy: What potential does 3D printing hold?. California Management Review, 60(3), 112-132.
Gu, Y., & Song, M. (2021). An optimized design for recyclability using life cycle assessment: A case study of a gear reducer. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 26, 489-502.
Grant, R. M. (2021). Contemporary strategy analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of management review, 20(4), 986-1014.
Hunt, R.G., Boguski, T.K., Weitz, K. & Sharma, A. (1998). Case studies examining LCA streamlining techniques. Int J Life Cycle Assess, 3, 36–42.
Halme, M. (2002). Corporate environmental paradigms in shift: Learning during the course of action at UPM–Kymmene. Journal of Management studies, 39(8), 1087-1109.
Hopewell, J., Dvorak, R., & Kosior, E. (2009). Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 2115-2126.
Hatcher, G. D., Ijomah, W. L., & Windmill, J. F. C. (2011). Design for remanufacture: a literature review and future research needs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(17-18), 2004-2014.
Huisman, J. V., Van der Maesen, M., Eijsbouts, R. J. J., Wang, F., Baldé, C. P., & Wielenga, C. A. (2012). The Dutch WEEE Flows. United Nations University, ISP–SCYCLE, Bonn, Germany, 15.
Hosey, L. (2012). The shape of green: Aesthetics, ecology, and design. Island Press.
Hollander, M.C.D., Bakker, C.A., & Hultink, E.J. (2017). Product Design in a Circular Economy: Development of a Typology of Key Concepts and Terms. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21(3):517-525.
Hestin, M., Faninger, T., & Milios, L. (2015). Increased EU plastics recycling targets: environmental, economic and social impact assessment. Retrieved, 17, 2018.
Hofmann, F. (2019). Circular business models: business approach as driver or obstructer of sustainability transitions?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 361-374.
Hällgren, S., Pejryd, L., Ekengren, J., (2020). Additive Manufacturing and the Concept of Design for Additive Manufacturing. In Design for Additive Manufacturing. Springer.
IDEO & Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2017). The circular design guide.
IPCC. (2021). Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press.
IPCC (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.
Interaction Design Foundation - IxDF. (2023, April 14). What is Circular Design? Interaction Design Foundation-IxDF. https://www.interaction- design.org/literature/topics/circular-design
Jackson, T. (1993). Industrial ecology and cleaner production. In Proc. of the UN conference on environment and development, Rio.
Klein, H. K., & Myers, M. D. (1999). A set of principles for conducting and evaluating interpretive field studies in information systems. MIS quarterly, 67-93.
Kumar, S., & Putnam, V. (2008). Cradle to cradle: Reverse logistics strategies and opportunities across three industry sectors. International Journal of Production Economics, 115(2), 305-315.
Kumar, S., Teichman, S., & Timpernagel, T. (2012). A green supply chain is a requirement for profitability. International Journal of Production Research, 50(5), 1278-1296.
Kraaijenhagen, C., Van Oppen, C., & Bocken, N. (2016). Circular business: collaborate and circulate. Circular Collaboration.
Kallio, H., Pietilä, A. M., Johnson, M., & Kangasniemi, M. (2016). Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi‐structured interview guide. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(12), 2954-2965.
Kirchherr, J., Reike, D., & Hekkert, M. (2017). Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions. Resources, conservation and recycling, 127, 221-232.
Korhonen, J., Honkasalo, A., & Seppälä, J. (2018). Circular economy: the concept and its limitations. Ecological economics, 143, 37-46.
Lyle, J.T. (1994). Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development. John Wiley & Sons.
Lenox, M., & Ehrenfeld, J. (1997). Organizing for effective environmental design. Business Strategy and the Environment, 6(4), 187-196.
Lovins, A. B., Lovins, H. L., & Hawken, P. (1999). A road map for natural capitalism. Harvard business review.
Lankoski, L. (2000). Determinants of environmental profit: An analysis of the firm-level relationship between environmental performance and economic performance. Helsinki University of Technology.
Luttropp, C., & Lagerstedt, J. (2006). EcoDesign and The Ten Golden Rules: generic advice for merging environmental aspects into product development. Journal of cleaner production, 14(15-16), 1396-1408.
Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K., Alonso-Almeida, M., Huisingh, D., Lozano, F. J., Waas, T., ... & Hugé, J. (2015). A review of commitment and implementation of sustainable development in higher education: results from a worldwide survey. Journal of cleaner production, 108, 1-18.
Liedtka, J. (2015). Perspective: Linking design thinking with innovation outcomes through cognitive bias reduction. Journal of product innovation management, 32(6), 925-938.
Lacy, P., & Rutqvist, J. (2015). Waste to wealth: The circular economy advantage (Vol. 91). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 16(4), 473-475.
Leonidou, L. C., Fotiadis, T. A., Christodoulides, P., Spyropoulou, S., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2015). Environmentally friendly export business strategy: Its determinants and effects on competitive advantage and performance. International Business Review, 24(5), 798-811.
Lee, K. H., Cin, B. C., & Lee, E. Y. (2016). Environmental responsibility and firm performance: The application of an environmental, social and governance model. Business Strategy and the Environment, 25(1), 40-53.
Lewandowski, M. (2016). Designing the business models for circular economy—Towards the conceptual framework. Sustainability, 8(1), 43.
Linder, M., & Williander, M. (2017). Circular business model innovation: inherent uncertainties. Business strategy and the environment, 26(2), 182-196.
Lüdeke‐Freund, F., Gold, S., & Bocken, N. M. (2019). A review and typology of circular economy business model patterns. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(1), 36-61.
Marginson, S. (1993). Ecological design: projects to build a better future. Form 127, 14.
McHarg, I.L. (1969). Design with nature. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press.
McLennan, J.F. (1992). The philosophy of sustainable design. Kansas City, Mo.: Ecotone.
Mathison, S. (1988). Why triangulate? Educational researcher, 17(2), 13-17.
Mangun, D., & Thurston, D. L. (2002). Incorporating component reuse, remanufacture, and recycle into product portfolio design. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 49(4), 479-490.
McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Cradle to cradle: Remaking the way we make things. North Point Press.
Magretta, J. (2002). Why business models matter.
Manzini, E., & Vezzoli, C. (2003). A strategic design approach to develop sustainable product service systems: examples taken from the ‘environmentally friendly innovation’Italian prize. Journal of cleaner production, 11(8), 851-857.
McLennan, J.F. (2004). The philosophy of sustainable design: The future of architecture. Kansas City, Mo.: Ecotone.
Moors, E. H., Mulder, K. F., & Vergragt, P. J. (2005). Towards cleaner production: barriers and strategies in the base metals producing industry. Journal of cleaner production, 13(7), 657-668.
Myers, M. D. (2009). Qualitative research in business and management. Sage Publications, London.
MacArthur, E. (2013). Towards the circular economy, economic and business rationale for an accelerated transition. Ellen MacArthur Foundation: Cowes, UK, 1.
Mentink, B. A. S. (2014). Circular business model innovation: a process framework and a tool for business model innovation in a circular economy.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
Moreno, M., De los Rios, C., Rowe, Z., & Charnley, F. (2016). A conceptual framework for circular design. Sustainability, 8(9), 937.
Mendoza, J. M. F., Sharmina, M., Gallego‐Schmid, A., Heyes, G., & Azapagic, A. (2017). Integrating backcasting and eco‐design for the circular economy: The BECE framework. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21(3), 526-544.
Murray, A., Skene, K., & Haynes, K. (2017). The circular economy: an interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context. Journal of business ethics, 140, 369-380.
Merli, R., Preziosi, M., & Acampora, A. (2018). How do scholars approach the circular economy? A systematic literature review. Journal of cleaner production, 178, 703-722.
Manninen, K., Koskela, S., Antikainen, R., Bocken, N., Dahlbo, H., & Aminoff, A. (2018). Do circular economy business models capture intended environmental value propositions?. Journal of cleaner production, 171, 413-422.
Nasr, N., & Thurston, M. (2006). Remanufacturing: A key enabler to sustainable product systems. Rochester Institute of Technology, 23, 14-17.
Nußholz, J. L. (2017). Circular business models: defining a concept and framing an emerging research field. Sustainability 9 (10), 1810.
Nussholz, J. L. (2018). A circular business model mapping tool for creating value from prolonged product lifetime and closed material loops. Journal of cleaner production, 197, 185-194.
Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons.
Oghazi, P., & Mostaghel, R. (2018). Circular business model challenges and lessons learned—An industrial perspective. Sustainability, 10(3), 739.
Papanek, V., & Fuller, R. B. (1984). Design for the real world. London: Thames and Hudson.
Pearce, D. W., & Turner, R. K. (1989). Economics of natural resources and the environment. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Porter, M. E., & Linde, C. V. D. (1995). Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship. Journal of economic perspectives, 9(4), 97-118.
Pare, G. (2004). Investigating information systems with positivist case research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 13(1), 18.
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy and society: the link between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage. Harvard business review, 84(12), 78-92.
Park, J. Y., & Chertow, M. R. (2014). Establishing and testing the “reuse potential” indicator for managing wastes as resources. Journal of environmental management, 137, 45-53.
Planing, P. (2015). Business model innovation in a circular economy reasons for non-acceptance of circular business models. Open journal of business model innovation, 1(11), 1-11.
Prendeville, S., Hartung, G., Purvis, E., Brass, C., & Hall, A. (2016). Makespaces: From redistributed manufacturing to a circular economy. In Sustainable design and manufacturing 2016 (pp. 577-588). Springer International Publishing.
Planing, P. (2018). Towards a circular economy - how business model innovation will help to make the shift. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 20(1), 71-83.
Pieroni, M. P., McAloone, T. C., & Pigosso, D. C. (2019). Business model innovation for circular economy and sustainability: A review of approaches. Journal of cleaner production, 215, 198-216.
Rose, C.M. (2000). Design for Environment: A Method for Formulating Product End-of-Life Strategies. Stanford University.
Rebitzer, G., Ekvall, T., Frischknecht, R., Hunkeler, D., Norris, G., Rydberg, T., ... & Pennington, D. W. (2004). Life cycle assessment: Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications. Environment international, 30(5), 701-720.
Ren, T. (2009). Petrochemicals from oil, natural gas, Ccoal and biomass: energy use, economics, and innovation (Doctoral dissertation, University Utrecht).
Revell, A., Stokes, D., & Chen, H. (2010). Small businesses and the environment: turning over a new leaf?. Business strategy and the environment, 19(5), 273-288.
Reuter, M. A., & Van Schaik, A. (2015). Product-centric simulation-based design for recycling: case of LED lamp recycling. Journal of sustainable metallurgy, 1(1), 4-28.
Rashid, A., Asif, F. M., Krajnik, P., & Nicolescu, C. M. (2013). Resource conservative manufacturing: An essential change in business and technology paradigm for sustainable manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 57, 166-177.
Rossi, M., Germani, M., & Zamagni, A. (2016). Review of eco-design methods and tools. Barriers and strategies for an effective implementation in industrial companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 129, 361-373.
Rizos, V., Behrens, A., Van der Gaast, W., Hofman, E., Ioannou, A., Kafyeke, T., ... & Topi, C. (2016). Implementation of circular economy business models by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): Barriers and enablers. Sustainability, 8(11), 1212.
Reuter, M. A., van Schaik, A., Gutzmer, J., Bartie, N., & Abadías-Llamas, A. (2019). Challenges of the circular economy: a material, metallurgical, and product design perspective. Annual Review of Materials Research, 49, 253-274.
Stubbs, W., & Cocklin, C. (2008). Conceptualizing a “sustainability business model”. Organization & environment, 21(2), 103-127.
Starostka-Patyk, M., Zawada, M., Pabian, A., & Abed, M. (2013, May). Barriers to reverse logistics implementation in enterprises. In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Logistics and Transport (pp. 506-511). IEEE.
Stechemesser, K., & Guenther, E. (2012). Carbon accounting: a systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 36, 17-38.
Starostka-Patyk, M., Zawada, M., Pabian, A., & Abed, M. (2013, May). Barriers to reverse logistics implementation in enterprises. In 2013 International Conference on Advanced Logistics and Transport (pp. 506-511). IEEE.
Schöggl, J. P., Baumgartner, R. J., & Hofer, D. (2017). Improving sustainability performance in early phases of product design: A checklist for sustainable product development tested in the automotive industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 1602-1617.
Sumter, D., Bakker, C., & Balkenende, R. (2018). The role of product designers in the transition towards the circular economy: A reality check. In Sustainability in Design: NOW!(pp. 1303-1316). Springer, Cham.
Spector, P. E. (2019). Do not cross me: Optimizing the use of cross-sectional designs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 125-137.
Stahel, W. R. (2019). The circular economy. Nature, 531(7595), 435-438.
Salvador, R., Barros, M. V., Da Luz, L. M., Piekarski, C. M., & de Francisco, A. C. (2020). Circular business models: Current aspects that influence implementation and unaddressed subjects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 250, 119555.
Tukker, A., & Tischner, U. (2006). Product-services as a research field: past, present and future. Reflections from a decade of research. Journal of cleaner production, 14(17), 1552-1556.
Turner III, D. W. (2010). Qualitative interview design: A practical guide for novice investigators. The qualitative report, 15(3), 754.
Thomas, S., Hunter, N., & Chittenden, H. (2013). Investigating the Role of Design in the Circular Economy. The Great Recovery: London, UK.
Tukker, A. (2015). Product services for a resource-efficient and circular economy–a review. Journal of cleaner production, 97, 76-91.
Ugrong, M.(1986). The green imperative: Ecology and ethics in design and architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Urbinati, A., Chiaroni, D., & Chiesa, V. (2017). Towards a new taxonomy of circular economy business models. Journal of cleaner production, 168, 487-498.
Valkokari, K., Valkokari, P., Palomäki, K., Uusitalo, T., Reunanen, M., Macchi, M., ... & Prasanna Liyanage, J. (2014). Road-mapping the business potential of sustainability within the European manufacturing industry. Foresight, 16(4), 360-384.
Vanegas, P., Peeters, J. R., Cattrysse, D., Tecchio, P., Ardente, F., Mathieux, F., & Duflou, J. R. (2018). Ease of disassembly of products to support circular economy strategies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, 323-334.
Williams, C. (2007). Research Methods. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 5(3).
Walsham, G. (1995). Interpretive case studies in IS research: nature and method. European Journal of information systems, 4(2), 74-81.
WWF. (2020). Living Planet Report 2020: Bending the curve of biodiversity loss. Almond, R. E. A., & Grooten, M. (Eds). World Wildlife Fund.
Zucchella, A., & Previtali, P. (2019). Circular business models for sustainable development: A “waste is food” restorative ecosystem. Business Strategy Environment, 28, 274–285.