| 研究生: |
黃仲楠 Huang, Zhong-Nan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
多軸雷射披覆之三維雷射對位感測器研究 A study of the 3D laser position sensor for multi-axis laser cladding |
| 指導教授: |
林震銘
Lin, Jehn-Ming |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2021 |
| 畢業學年度: | 109 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 148 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 雷射披覆 、光學對位 、散射分析 、光束追蹤 、頻率響應 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Multi-axis Laser Cladding, Optical Positioning, Scattering Reflection Analysis, Ray Tracing, Frequency response |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:203 下載:0 |
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本研究使用散射錐體及光敏電阻開發三維雷射對位感測器,此裝置相較於傳統位置傳感器較不受暗電流及方向性等因素所影響。研究中使用圓錐體之漫射特性對雷射束進行散射計算分析,搭配於四個方向的光敏電阻量測散射光強度之訊號。再透過四向的感測訊號進行五軸雷射對位測試,藉此提升多軸雷射披覆及相關複合加減法製程中的光學空間對位精度。
在數值分析方面,使用Tracepro軟體對錐體感測器進行光路追蹤,並對光敏電阻受光面進行輻照度分析,以了解感測器內的雷射能量分布。接者帶入模擬之光強度值,計算電路訊號並進行實驗比較。透過訊號差分法達成輸出訊號之線性關係,並建立實際光斑外型及幾何誤差的校正方法。感測器的靜態精度特性,在雙軸水平位移及三軸斜向角度之解析度分別為0.01mm及0.1°。在感測電路中的系統截止頻率為200Hz。最後進行馬達回授定位控制,在訊號濾波修正後系統控制精度為±0.05mm,過程中減少系統震盪,以及縮短系統復歸收斂時間。
In this study, the three-dimensional conical position sensor will be developed for five-axis laser cladding system. The positioning sensor equipped with a cone of the scattering surface to reflect the laser beam onto four light dependent resistors (LDR) to measure the spatial signals.
Tracepro software was used to simulate the ray path and analyze the irradiance/power distribution on LDR. Comparing the experimental and simulated signal phenomena, it was found that the LDR signal will change symmetrically, but it would be affected by the shape of the laser spot and the other geometrical errors. With the signal difference method, the linear output signal and the influence of the fixed error caused by the hardware was reduced. It was found that the linear characteristic of the sensor corresponding to the light source energy and the spot size. The static accuracy of the sensor is linear with the angular resolutions of 0.01mm and 0.1°, respectively. According to the dynamic response of the sensing system to the laser frequency, the cut-off frequency of the sensing system is about 200 Hz. Finally the position feedback control system was tested. The accuracy of the system is ±0.05mm after signal filtering, which also reduced the system error and shortened the system settling time.
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