背景：不孕症的定義為一年以上未採取任何避孕措施，性生活正常而沒有成功妊娠。全球大約有17.5%的成年人（約六分之一）患有不孕症。男性因素、女性因素、雙方因素及不明原因都可能導致難以懷孕。事實上，在全球範圍內，缺乏關於男性不孕症盛行率的準確統計資料，導致男性不孕症的研究較少。現有的不孕症定義缺乏統一性，使得各國之間或不同時期盛行率之間的比較存在問題。台灣面臨著生育率快速下降的挑戰。然而，對於台灣族群不孕症盛行率估計的流行病學研究並不多。據我們所知，只有一篇幾十年前發表的中文文獻探討了這個問題。
目的：我們在台灣進行了一項以人群為基礎的流行病學調查，以提供原發性不孕症盛行率和夫婦尋求醫療幫助比例的最新估計。
方法：我們對台灣20-49歲的民眾進行了電話訪問。調查於2023年2月20日至3月2日由台灣國立成功大學調查統計研究中心舉行。訪員經過統一的訪訓後，使用電腦輔助電話訪談技術對參與者進行了約 10分鐘的訪談，並收集了有關他們的人口學資料和生育歷史和生育控制的相關資料。我們使用了兩種方法定義不孕症，並估計了台灣的不孕症盛行率和尋求醫療幫助的比例。
結果：電訪案的回應率為27.9%。在1297納入研究的受訪者中，829名（63.9%）為已婚或有異性同居伴侶的人，其中包括404名男性和425名女性。使用定義1，我們估計所有受訪者的原發性不孕症盛行率為 5.6%（95% [CI]:4.2%-7.4%);使用定義2，我們得到的原發性不孕症盛行率為的6.7%（95%[CI]:5.1%-8.6%）。在尋求醫療幫助方面，11.1%(95% [CI]:9.2%-13.5%)的人曾就懷孕問題向醫生諮詢過；9.9%(95% [CI]:8.1%-12.2%)的人曾接受過診斷或有助於懷孕的治療；2.6%(95% [CI]:1.6%-4.0%)的人目前正在接受治療來幫助懷孕。
結論：我們的結果發現目前正在經歷不孕症的人和正在接受治療的人之間存在差距。因此，我們建議提高民眾對不孕症的認識並改善獲得不孕症的醫療保健的機會，讓想要成為父母的人提供安全有效且負擔得起的醫療方式。

Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Yet, there were not many epidemiological studies that estimated the prevalence of infertility of Taiwanese populations. This study aims to conducted a population-based epidemiological survey in Taiwan to provide the updated estimates of the prevalence of primary infertility and the prevalence of couples’ help-seeking behaviors. We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey of residents aged 20-49 years in Taiwan. Using two approaches to defining infertility, we estimated the prevalence of primary infertility using definition 1 was 5.6% and definition 2 was 6.7%, 2.6% were currently receiving diagnostic tests/treatment to help with conceiving. These findings suggest there may be a gap between those who are currently experiencing infertility and those who are currently being treated; hence, we call for raising awareness of infertility and improving access to infertility healthcare.

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