本研究在嘉南平原烏腳病流行區採取25處地下水樣，檢測其溫度、酸鹼度、電導度、總懸浮固體、鹽度、重金屬及氧化還原電位，瞭解嘉南平原西南沿海發生烏腳病嚴重地區地下水層中砷的氧化還原反應程度。本研究以感應偶合電漿質譜儀(ICP-MS)分析地下水中重金屬含量，其中含砷濃度為0.015至0.796 mg/l；含鐵濃度為0.152至4.43 mg/l；含錳濃度為0.025至0.901 mg/l；含鍶濃度為0.062至6.22 mg/l。另本研究以離子層析儀(IC)測含砷水樣AsO4-濃度，換算為五價砷濃度，則五價砷分佈範圍為0.0024至0.2467 mg/l，並求地下水樣之三價砷濃度，其分佈範圍為0.0328至 0.7830 mg/l，其中鹽水鎮最高、鹿草鄉最低(低於偵測極限)。證實臺灣嘉南平原西南沿海烏腳病地區地下水層大多屬還原態的三價砷。
本研究的相關性統計分析顯示，本研究區域地下水層中的砷與水深度之間關係，並不相關；同時，發現地下水温度與鹽度為正相關，但與氧化還原電位並無顯著相關性；總溶解固體與導電度、鹽度之間關係，呈負相關；總砷或五價砷或三價砷與酸鹼度、導電度、總溶解固體、鹽度、及氧化還原電位間，彼此並無顯著相關性，與錳、鐵、鍶也没有顯著的相關。另本實驗也進行水樣之菌種DNA萃取、PCR（聚合酶連鎖反應）之16S rRNA基因放大及膠電泳實驗，鑑定出含砷水樣菌種，如Acinetobacter radioresistens、Bacillus benzoevorans、Bacillus circulans、Brevundimonas sp.、Exiguobacterium aestuarii、 Glacial ice bacterium等，同時也與NCBI網站之基因序列比對，建立水樣之親緣關係樹，結果發現鹽水＃2、鹽水＃4、鹽水＃1、將軍＃1B、鹿草＃1B與六腳＃2屬於Exiguobacterium屬；北門＃2A屬於Bacillus屬；鹽水＃5A屬於Brevundimonas sp；學甲、六腳＃1、鹽水＃3和義竹＃2與Acinetobacter屬、Glacial ice bacterium等菌株之演化距離相近。

The redox reaction of arsenic was investigated in the Blackfoot Disease (BFD) area in the Chia-Nan Plain where twenty-five different sites of groundwater samples were collected and analyzed in this study for temperature, pH, electric conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, redox potential, and heavy metals (e.g., arsenic, iron, manganese, strontium, etc.) of groundwater. The heavy metals in the groundwater were analyzed by using ICP-MS, in which arsenic, iron, manganese and strontium concentrations were in the ranges of 0.015~0.796 mg/L, 0.152~4.43 mg/L, 0.025~0.901 mg/L and 0.062至6.22 mg/l respectively. The groundwater samples were filtrated and measured for their concentrations of arsenic(V) (0.0024~0.2467 mg/L) and arsenic(III) (0.0328~0.7830 mg/L) through Ion Chromatograph, in which the highest arsenic(III) concentrations occurred in Yenshui of Tainan County and the lowest ones occurred in Lucao of Chiayi County. The experimental results of present study revealed that the reduced the more toxic As(III) in the groundwater of the BFD area in the Chia-Nan Plain were much widely distributed and had higher concentrations in contrast to As(V). The correlation analysis of this study revealed that the arsenic in the groundwater of the study area was not correlated with well depth. The groundwater temperature and electric conductivity were positively correlated with salinity, but not significantly correlated with redox potential. The total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and salinity were negatively correlated. The total arsenic, As(V) or As(III) with pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, redox potential in groundwater were neither significantly correlated among them nor significantly correlated with iron, manganese and strontium. The some bacterial strains were isolated from these twenty-five groundwater samples in this study, they are Acinetobacter radioresistens,Bacillus benzoevorans, Bacillus circulans, Brevundimonas sp., Exiguobacterium aestuarii, Glacial ice bacterium, etc. The constructed phylogenetic relationship suggests that the bacterial strains isolated from the groundwater samples of Yenshui#2, Yenshui#4, Yenshui#1, Jiangjing#1B, Lucao#1B, Liujiao#2 belong to Genus Exiguobactrium; the strain from Beimen#2A belongs to Genus Bacillus and that from Yenshui#5A belongs to Brevundimonas sp.; those from Hsuechia, Liujiao#1, Yenshui#3 and Yichu#2A had closer evolutionary distances to Genus Acinetobacter and Glacial ice bacterium.

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