台灣人口密集且地形狹小，使得有高機動性與低成本的速克達(Scooter)機車成為主要交通工具之一，也使得機車成為台灣交通事故比率最高的車種。都會區道路行人密集度高，活動空間常與機車重疊共用，易發生機車與行人的事故，在事故中以機車前輪與機車車殼最易與行人的下肢接觸，行人下肢為交通事故中最易受傷的部位，其常見的傷害型態為骨折、膝關節與踝關節之肌腱或韌帶等軟組織的損傷，雖然致命率低，但復健所需時間冗長，耗費龐大的醫療與社會成本且造成行走不便，因此不可忽略其嚴重性。
汽車產業中對於安全碰撞的研究已發展多年，本研究依照歐洲促進汽車委員會(EEVC)所訂出之下肢次系統測試方法與規範，設計出具有踝關節機構之下肢衝擊器，可應用於機車與行人碰撞的傷害評估，因下肢衝擊器的規範主要應用於汽車的前保險桿，其傷害評估主要為膝關節與骨折，對於機車與行人的碰撞中，碰撞所接觸位置較低，易造成踝關節的傷害，其傷害評估為本研究著重探討的部分。
本研究使用有限元素法，建立機械式之下肢衝擊器有限元素模型，符合次系統的規範與大體測試的驗證，並具有良好的生物擬真性，以了解行人與機車碰撞時下肢的傷害。本文先設計機械式踝關節機構，並以大體測試的數據為設計標準，再整合於次系統下肢衝擊器上，並符合EEVC 的規範，最後利用此新型下肢衝擊器模擬行人下肢與機車的碰撞，評估行人下肢的傷害程度。往後可讓機車廠商用於機車被動安全之設計，使其機車產品撞擊行人時能降低行人下肢的傷害。

The human body collision injury research has been developed for many years in automobile industry. Crash dummies are commonly used as a tool to measure human injuries because their biological reactions and injury assessments are similar to real human. In this study, EEVC (European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee) proposed sub-system tests to evaluate reponses and injuries of pedestrians in lateral car-pedestrian accidents. The purpose in this thesis is to design a mechanical pedestrian lower limb impactor finite element model, which can analyse knee and ankle injuries of scooter-pedestrian accidents.
The CAD software and finite element method software can help the design process, analysing the three physical quantity of knee and six degrees of ankle’s three rotation axes. First, the study improve ankle’s mechanism of Thor crash dummy and use software to simulate the same test as cadaver test. The simulation results should be close to the data curve of cadaver test in order to comfirm the ankle’s mechanism has the same reponses and injuries as real human. Then, the new mechanical lower limb impactor combines the new ankle’s mechanism with lower limb impactor of EEVC. Last, this thesis simulated scooter accident with the new mechanical lower limb impactor model, and evaluate the injuries of pedestrians’ lower limb. There are three situation with scooter-pedestrian accidents. The new impactor has good biofidelity and can provide scooter factory for passive safety design.

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