在公共自行車共享系統的營運期間，為了避免使用者無車可借或無位可還，營運者必須在各租借站間以運補車來回調度自行車以達到供需平衡，此即為動態運補策略管理問題，該問題與車輛途程問題文獻中的收送貨問題十分類似，通常必須使用作業研究理論的整數規劃法求解。由於整數規劃法經常耗時過久，本研究擬先由實際收集而得的歷史租還資料為基礎，利用分析而得的各租借站租還需求變動趨勢來簡化問題，依循先分群後規劃路線(Cluster-First Route-Second)的策略，第一階段提出「K-means分群演算法」與「預測趨勢之分群數學模式」等兩種分群方式來劃分出合宜的租借站分群，以劃分運補責任區域；第二階段再針對各責任區域依(1)無增設臨停區、(2)所有租借站皆增設臨停區、(3)臨停區選址等三種情境，提出能滿足最多租還需求的單一運補車運補數學模式，藉此規劃出每台運補車之最佳自行車調度策略以及暫時人力資源之最佳配置方式，以改善自行車共享系統的服務品質。數值測試結果顯示，利用各租借站租還需求變動趨勢來簡化問題的方式的確能有效地在短時間內求得幾近最佳的動態運補方式；此外，臨停區的設置的確能大幅改善服務品質，而本論文亦已針對現實系統中該如何以有限的資源設置合適的臨停區個數與位置提出整數規劃的數學模式，可供相關業者在後續實務營運時的臨停區選址決策參考依據。

The public bike sharing system has become popular in many metropolitan areas worldwide, due to its contribution to the green transportation. This thesis focuses on more practical side of bike sharing system management. In particular, we first conduct big data analysis to learn the rental tendency pattern of demand profile for each rental site, and then use the tendency pattern as a key to simplify the procedures of site clustering and bike repositioning strategies. In our two stage strategy, we first give two methods to cluster rental sites, one by a modified K-means algorithm and the other by an integer program, and then we propose three dynamic repositioning models for each cluster managed by a single repositioning vehicle in the second stage. We also investigate the service quality improvement by installing a temporary bike buffer zone besides a rental site, based on the current practice of YouBike. To make it more realistic, we integrate the dynamic repositioning with a locational model to help decision maker to select suitable numbers and locations for installing temporary bike buffer zones. Based on the results of our computational experiments, by using the rental tendency pattern of demand profile, our proposed integer program models can calculate near optimal solutions within much shorter time, and makes the dynamic repositioning strategies feasible for large scale public bike sharing systems.

王俊偉. (2011) 以系統模擬探討公共自行車租借系統之建置及營運策略. 工業與資訊管理學系碩士論文，國立成功大學
洪菁蓬. (2011) 公共自行車租借系統之最佳租借站位址設置及車輛運補策略之研究. 工業與資訊管理學系碩士論文，國立成功大學
張立蓁. (2010) 都會區公共自行車租借系統之設計與營運方式研究. 工業與資訊管理學系碩士論文，國立成功大學
廖敏婷. (2012) 考慮需求比例及暫時人力配置之公共自行車租借系統管理策略研究. 工業與資訊管理學系碩士論文，國立成功大學
Benchimol, M., Benchimol, P., Chappert, B., Taille, A-D-L., Laroche, F., Meunier, F., Robinet, L(2011) Balancing the satations of a self-service “bike hire” system. RAIRO Operations Research, 45, 37-61.
Chemla, D., Meunier, F., and Wolfer-Calvo. R. (2013) Bike sharing systems: solving the static rebalancing problem. Discrete Optimization,10 (2), 120-146.
Chemla, D., Meunier, F., Pradeau, T., Wolfer-Calvo, R., and Yahiaoui, H. (2013) Self-service bike sharing systems: simulation, repositioning, pricing. Working Paper.
Clarke, G., and Wright, J. (1964) Scheduling of vehicles from a central depot to a number of delivery points. Operations Research, 12 (4), 568-581.
Dantzig, G, B., and Ramser, J, H.(1959) The truck dispatching problem.. Management Science,. 6, 80-91.
Dief, I., and Bodin, L. (1984) Extension of the Clarke and wright algorithm for solving the vehicle routing problem with backhauling. Kidder, A.(Ed), Proceedings of the Babson Conference on Software Users in Transportation and Logistics Management, 75-96.
DeMio, P.(2009) Bicycle-sharing: history, impacts, models of provision and future. Journal of Public Transportation, 12(4), 41-56.
O’Mahony, E. and Shmoy, D.B. (2015) Data Analysis and Optimization for (Citi)Bike Sharing. Working Paper.
Erdogan, G., Laporte, G., and Wolfer-Calvo, R. (2013) The one-commodity pickup and delivery traveling salesman problem with demand intervals. Working Paper.
Fisher, M., and Jaikumar, R. (1981) A generalized assignment heuristic for vehicle routing. Networks 11, 109-124.
Fricker, C., and Gast, N. (2014) Incentives and regulations in bike sharing systems with stations of finite capacity. Working Paper
Kaspi, M., Raviv, T., and Tzur, M. (2014) Parking reservation policies in one-way vehicle sharing systems. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 62, 35-50.
Kaspi, M., Raviv, T., Tzur, M., and Galili, H. (2014) Regulating vehicle sharing systems through parking reservation policies: Analysis and performance bounds. Working Paper, Tel-Aviv University
Gebhart, K., and Noland, R, B. (2014) The impact of weather conditions on bike share trips in Washington, DC. Transportation DOI 10.1007/s11116-014-9540-7
Gillet, B. E., and Miller, L, R. (1974) A Heuristic Algorithm for the Vehicle Dispatch Problem. Operations Research, 22:340-349.
Golden, B. L., Baker, E. K., Alfaro, J. L., and Schaffer, J. R. (1985) The vehicle routing problem with backhauling: two approaches. Working paper MS/S 85-017, University of Maryland, College Park.
Hockey, M. (1989) The multiple vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pick-up points. Transportation Research Part A: General, 23(5), 377-386.
Lin, J-R., and Yang, T-H. (2011) Strategic design of public bicycle sharing systems with service level constraints. Transportation Research Part E, 47, 284-294.
Lin, J-R., Yang, T-H., and Chang, Y-C. (2011) A hub location inventory model for bicycle sharing system design: Formulation and solution. Computers & Industrial Engineering. Doi:10.1016/j.cie.2011.12.006
Pformmer, J. Warrington, J., Schildbach, G., and Morari, M. (2013). Dynamic vehicle redistribution and online price incentives in shared mobility systems. Working Paper.
Raviv, T., and Kolka, O. (2013) Optimal inventory management of a bike sharing station. IIE Transactions, 45(10), 1077-1093.
Raviv, T., Tzur, M., and Forma, I.(2013) The static repositioning problem in a bike sharing system: models and solution approaches. EURO Journal of Transportation and Logistics, 2(3), 187-229.
Ryan, D. M., Hjorring, C. and Glover, F. (1993) Extensions of the Petal Method for Vehicle Routing. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 44:289-296.
Schuijbroek, J., Hampshire, R., and Van Hoeve, W-J. (2013) Inventory rebalancing and vehicle routing in bike sharing systems. Tepper School of Business, Paper 1491.
Shaheen, S., Guzman, S., and Zhang, H. (2010) Bicycle Sharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia: Past, Present, and Future. Transportation Research Record,2143, 159-167.
Shintani, K., Imai, A., Nishimura, E., and Papadimitriou, S. (2007) The container shipping network design problem with empty container repositioning. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 43(1), 39-59.
Vogel, P., Saavedra, B. A. N., and Mattfeld, D. C. (2014) A hybrid metaheuristic to solve the resource allocation problem in bike sharing systems. In Hybrid Metaheuristics. Springer International Publishing. 16-29.