都市垃圾焚化反應灰含多種重金屬及其他氧化物，以掩埋程序處置較不符合資源再利用精神，也造成掩埋空間的浪費。本研究利用多階段酸洗程序萃取焚化反應灰中重金屬，並探討利用黃酸鹽回收溶出液中重金屬之可行性。研究以半動態溶出試驗找出反應灰酸洗前處理之最適添加量，再對反應灰進行酸洗，尋求最佳酸洗操作程序。並選擇三種不同鏈長的黃酸鹽(KEX、KBX、ISX)，及改變黃酸鹽與重金屬之反應莫爾比，探討不同種類黃酸鹽及黃酸鹽添加劑量去除溶出液中重金屬之效能。此外，對反應產生的錯合物進行固相分析，探討錯合物組成。綜合固液相分析結果，檢討反應灰酸洗前處理/黃酸鹽回收重金屬之最佳程序。
研究結果顯示，反應灰酸洗溶出重金屬離子過程中，可藉酸添加劑量與反應灰溶出液pH值及溶出液中重金屬離子溶出濃度關係，求得最適酸添加量，以作為酸洗程序之加藥(酸)量參考。此外，反應灰酸洗過程中之加酸程序會影響反應灰中重金屬物種溶出，因不同pH值環境下有不同的重金屬溶出優先順序。將酸萃取液分二階段添加，第一階段酸洗pH值降到5時，Zn離子優先大量溶出，濃度達1000 mg/L左右，而此時Cu、Pb離子溶出量並不顯著；第二階段再添加足夠的酸量，使pH降至1，可再使Zn、Cu、Pb溶出達100～200 mg/L。
此外，以三種黃酸鹽去除二階段反應灰酸洗溶出液中重金屬離子，結果發現KEX、KBX皆能有效去除第一階段反應灰酸洗溶出液中之Zn離子，其中KBX在化學計量KBX/Zn＝2即可完全去除溶液中Zn離子，而KEX對Zn需添加至KEX/Zn＝2.6以上才能有效去除鋅離子達放流水標準(≦ 5 mg/L)，顯示KBX錯合Zn之能力較KEX來得強，主因為KBX對Zn的溶解度積較KEX對Zn的溶解度積為小。另KEX、KBX與Zn反應之錯合物經固相元素分析及IR官能基鑑定可證實為Zn(EX)2、Zn(BX)2，其錯合物Zn含量分別達14～25 %、15～20 % ，具回收再利用價值。第二階段反應灰酸洗溶出液鋅、銅、鉛離子僅能用KBX、ISX完全回收，其中ISX會先去除溶液中銅、鉛離子後才開始去除鋅離子；而KBX則同時捕集鋅、銅、鉛離子。由選擇性回收重金屬角度來看，以ISX較具應用性。
綜合研究成果可知，利用分階段酸洗方式將反應灰中的有害金屬選擇性溶出，再搭配黃酸鹽螯合劑回收溶出液中重金屬，具不錯之分離/回收反應灰中重金屬效果，可有別於傳統將反應灰固化/穩定化後掩埋的處理方式，而達減少掩埋場空間使用及資源回收再利用之目的。

The reaction ash from municipal solid waste incinerator（MSWI） contains various kinds of heavy metals. Landfill disposal not only disobeys the spirit of resource reuse but also wastes the landfill space. In this research, multiple stage acid extraction processes were utilized to extract metals from reaction ash and the feasibility of heavy metals recovered from the extractants by xanthate (chelating agent) was also investigated. The optimal dosage of acid extraction was examined by semi-dynamic leach tests (SDLT). Afterward, the selective extraction procedure was explored by stepwise acidic liquid addition. At the mean time, the recovery of heavy metals by three kinds of xanthates（KEX, KBX and ISX）and various xanthate/metal molar ratio was also investigated. The UV-vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses were conducted to explicate a fundamental understanding of the formed metal-xanthate complex`s structure and the resudial species in the leachates. These results were addressed to evaluate the optimal procedure for selective extraction and recovery of heavy metals from MSWI reaction ash by xanthate process.
The results from the selective extraction of MSWI reaction ash showed that the optimal dosage of acid extraction could be found by the relationship between the pH and heavy metal concentration of the leachate. It was concluded to be a two-stage extraction. In the first stage acid extraction, a great amount of Zn ion (about 1000 mg/l) was leached out from the MSWI reaction ash as the leachate`s pH decreased to 5. But the leached Cu and Pb ions were not remarkable at the same time. In the second stage acid extraction, adding more acid dosage to the residual of the first stage extraction, the Zn、Cu and Pb ions leached about 100〜200mg/l while the leachate`s pH decrease to 1. And then, three kinds of xanthate were used for heavy metal removal/recovery from the two stage leachates.
The performance of xanthate process for Zn removal/recovery from the first stage leachate showed that KEX, KBX were capable of treating Zn-containing wastewate to meet the Taiwan EPA`s effluent regulation (Zn: 5 mg/l) when KBX/Metal molar ratio of 2, and KEX/Metal molar ratio of 2.6. The formed Zn-EX complex and Zn-BX complex contained 14~25 % and 15~20 % Zn, indicateing both complexes were worth recovering. In the heavy metal removal/recovery of the second stage extraction leachate, Zn, Cu and Pb ions could be selective removed/recovered by ISX combined with KBX. Firstly, the Cu and Pb ions could be removed by ISX, but the Zn ions were not. The residual Zn ions were then totally removed by adding KBX to the solutions. After the ISX combined with KBX treatment, the residual leachate could pass the Taiwan EPA`s effluent regulations.
In summary, the heavy metals, such as Zn, Cu and Pb, could be separated from the MSWI reaction ash by two-stage acid extraction and then to be enriched by xanthate recovery. The treated MSWI reaction ash passed the TCLP, and could be reused in the environment or landfilled without further treatment. The two-stage acid extraction combined with xanthate recovery processes colud be used as an environmentally friendly method for treating MSWI reaction ash.

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