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研究生： 徐國昌
Hsu, Kuo-Chang
論文名稱： 行動通訊在DGPS 訊息接收與回報系統的應用
Message Acquisition and Reporting System for DGPS using Mobile Communication
指導教授： 林清一
Lin, Chin E.
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年： 2005
畢業學年度： 93
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 74
中文關鍵詞： 干擾碼 、差分式衛星定位系統 、網際網路 、行動通訊
外文關鍵詞： GPRS, RTCM, DGPS, GPS
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    • 　　雖然選擇干擾碼(SA)效應解除後定位點的離散分佈從過去無規則性的隨機變化轉趨於密集性的變化，改善了GPS的精確度，但實際上仍有許多來源影響定位精度，差分式衛星定位系統(DGPS)的設計仍有必要。然而藉由通訊設備傳遞差分修正訊號的技術，受限於通訊設備價格昂貴以及傳輸範圍的限制，DGPS技術無法廣泛的被使用。利用行動通訊與網際網路(Internet)來建立傳輸差分修正訊息的方法，可以延伸擴大原有的廣播距離外，更可以精簡系統建置的設備投資，普及差分技術的廣泛應用。因此本研究的目的在於對所建置的DGPS站台利用網際網路與行動通訊的整合的方式廣播差分修正訊息，提供給範圍內的使用者去做高精度應用。本文從RTCM訊息的擷取、運算，及至產生修正訊號碼的系統架構，再與GPRS通訊網路結合，達到廣播傳輸給使用者。本方法架構的規劃、設計、測試、及實現一系列的發展工作，達成建置低成本DGPS系統的方法。從實驗中驗證本技術的精確性、可靠性、及可用性。

    　　In order to increase the GPS performance and application, Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) technology was proposed to enhance the GPS in better precision and extend indirect improvement in its applications. However, the developed real time DGPS technologies need to transmit the signal using delicate communication equipments and therefore elevate its overall cost in more generalized applications. The prices of those technologies are too expensive with many restrictions of the transmission range in early days so that the technology are unable extensive to promote into wide use. As the mobile communication and Internet are popular into daily life, utilization of mobile communication can be defined as a good means for any moving individual to send or receive message from anywhere within base station coverage. To ensure efficiency of operations, the pseudorange corrections are sent in an industry standard format known as the RTCM SC-104. This format was proposed by the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM).

    ABSTRACT_______________________________________________________II contents_______________________________________________________VI List of figures________________________________________________VIII List of tables_________________________________________________IX CHAPTER I______________________________________________________1 INTRODUCTION___________________________________________________1 1.1 Motive of this Research____________________________________1 1.2 Procedure of Research______________________________________2 CHAPTER II_____________________________________________________5 Technical of the Resource______________________________________5 2.1 Global Positioning System__________________________________5 2.1.1 Space Segment of GPS_____________________________________6 2.1.2 Control Segment of GPS___________________________________7 2.1.3 Principle of GPS Positioning_____________________________8 2.1.4 GPS Error_______________________________________________10 2.2 Differential GPS__________________________________________11 2.2.1 DGPS Reference Station__________________________________13 2.2.2 DGPS roving user receiver_______________________________13 2.2.3 Post-Processed Corrections______________________________14 2.2.4 Real-Time Correction____________________________________16 2.2.5 Post-Processing vs Real-Time____________________________17 2.3 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)_______________________19 2.3.1 GPRS System Architecture________________________________19 2.3.2 GPRS Network____________________________________________21 CHAPTER III___________________________________________________23 CHARACTERISTICS OF RTCM-SC104_________________________________23 3.1 Introduction______________________________________________23 3.2 Radio Broadcast Characteristics___________________________24 3.3 General message format____________________________________24 3.3.1 Message Header__________________________________________24 3.3.2 Station Number__________________________________________26 3.3.3 Parity algorithm________________________________________28 3.4 Message Type______________________________________________30 3.4.1 Message Type1- Differential GPS Corrections_____________32 3.4.2 Message Type 3 - GPS Reference Station Parameters_______35 3.4.6 Message Type 9 - GPS Partial Correction Set_____________37 3.4.7 Message Type 16 - GPS Special Message___________________37 3.5 Interfacing of DGPS receiver with GPS equipment___________38 CHAPTER IV____________________________________________________40 Decoding of RTCM-SC104 Message________________________________40 4.1 Introduction______________________________________________40 4.2 Decoding of RTCM Message Type 1___________________________40 4-3 Interpretation of the RTCM Type 1 Message_________________44 CHAPTER V_____________________________________________________49 RTCM MESSAGE OVER THE INTERNET________________________________49 5.1 Introduction______________________________________________49 5.2 Basic concept_____________________________________________49 5.3 System Architecture_______________________________________50 5.3.1 DGPS Server_____________________________________________51 5.3.2 Rover Client____________________________________________52 5.5 Development Environment___________________________________55 5.5.1 Development Product_____________________________________56 5.6 Out Door Test_____________________________________________58 5.6.1 Reference Station_______________________________________58 5.6.2 Rover Client____________________________________________60 5.7 Differential GPS Verification_____________________________61 5.7.1 Internet Static Test via GPRS___________________________61 5.7.2 Internet Dynamics Test via GPRS_________________________66 5.8 Conclusion________________________________________________68 CHAPTER VI____________________________________________________70 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION_____________________________________70 Reference_____________________________________________________72

    [1] Federal Aviation Administration Satellite Navigation Product Teams, “GPS Basic,” from website: http://gps.faa.gov/GPSbasics/index.htm.
    [2] Montana State University Global Positioning System (GPS) Laboratory, “About GPS,” from website: http://www.montana.edu/places/gps/index.html.
    [3] Gregory T. French.” Understanding The GPS - An Introduction to the Global Positioning System,”1st edition, GeoResearch, Inc., 1996.
    [4] C. Bettstetter, et. al., “GSM Phase 2+ General Packet Radio Service GPRS: Architecture, Protocols, and Air Interface,” IEEE Communications, Vol. 2, No. 4, Third Quarter 1999.
    [5] Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services, “RTCM Recommended Standards for Differential NAVSTAR GPS Service, Version 2.2,” RTCM Special Committee No. 104, 1998.
    [6] Klaus Betke.”TANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MARINE DIFFERENTIAL GPS (DGPS) STATIONS”. March 2001.
    [7] International Association of Lighthouse Authorities: DGNSS Reference and Transmitting Stations in the Maritime Radionavigation (Radiobeacons) Band. Issue 7, August 1999 from website: http://www.iala-aism.org.
    [8] United States Coast Guard: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM –STANDARD POSITIONING SYSTEM SIGNAL SPECIFICATION, 2nd edition, June 1995.Available at http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/gps.
    [9] ARINC Research Corporation, “NAVSTAR GPS Space Segment / Navigation User Interface,” ARINC Research Corporation, Interface Control Document ICD-GPS-200, Rev. C, 2000.
    [10] National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) from website: http://www.nmea.org.
    [11] RTCM2ASC rel1.0 from website:
    http://kom.aau.dk/~borre/masters/receiver/rtcm2asc.htm.
    [12] Eno Darci Saatkamp,” DECODIFICAÇÃO E INTERPRETAÇÃO DE MENSAGENS RTCM,” from web site: http://geodesia.ufsc.br/Geodesia-online/index.htm.
    [13] H. Gebhard and F. Weber, “Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP), Version 1.0,” Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG), 2003.
    [14] H. Gebhard and F. Weber, “Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP), Version 1.0 Design – Protocol – Software Part I & II,” Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG), 2003.
    [15] Chin E. Lin, C. C. Li, “Design and Implementation of Differential GPS using GPRS Mobile Communication for Real Time Data Processing”, Institute of Navigation, Annual Meeting, June 7-9, 2004, Dayton, OH, USA. (EI).

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