隨著航空與國防科技之快速發展，燃氣渦輪發動機已廣泛應用於各類飛機與推進系統，其燃燒性能對整體系統效率與排放具有關鍵影響。本研究設計並建立一套高壓噴霧燃燒測試平台，透過具光學可視化能力之石英玻璃視窗，可直接觀察模擬燃氣渦輪機中經壓縮後之高壓燃燒空氣與液體燃料噴霧混合與燃燒之火焰行為。具備高壓操作能力，並整合高解析影像量測系統，以滿足高溫高壓燃燒環境下之可視化需求。此外，系統透過精密流量與壓力控制、背壓調節機制與氣體採樣設計，確保實驗操作之穩定性與量測可靠性。
針對燃氣渦輪燃燒室內高壓高溫環境下氣液交互作用之複雜性，本研究進一步分析伴流空氣對液體噴霧霧化行為之影響，並以空氣與燃料動量比作為關鍵參數，探討噴霧張角與破碎特性之變化。文獻顯示，當動量比增加時，氣液剪切作用增強，噴霧擴散能力提升，使噴霧張角增大且霧化程度提高，顯示氣流動量為主導噴霧發展之重要因素。
此外，透過可視化量測與流場控制，本研究深化對噴霧燃燒中「霧化-混合-反應」耦合機制之理解。具備光學觀測能力之實驗平台亦可作為數值模擬驗證與模型修正之重要工具，有助於縮短燃燒器設計與開發時程。綜合而言，本研究不僅建立一套可於高壓條件下操作之噴霧燃燒量測系統，亦提供高效率、低排放燃燒系統設計與優化之重要參考，並作為未來燃燒模擬與進階診斷技術發展之實驗基礎。

The performance of aero-engine combustion systems is strongly influenced by gas-liquid interactions and spray characteristics within the combustor. Under practical operating conditions, particularly at elevated pressures and temperatures, maintaining high efficiency and low emissions requires a comprehensive understanding of the coupled processes of atomization, mixing, flame structure evolution, and product formation. In this study, a multifunctional spray combustion diagnostic platform is developed to systematically investigate these phenomena. By independently varying ambient pressure and air-fuel ratio (AFR), the effects of key operating parameters on heat release behavior, flame structure, and combustion completeness are clarified. The present work aims to bridge the gap between fundamental spray physics and practical combustor operation, providing experimental insights into the interaction between atomization, turbulent mixing, and chemical reactions, and contributing to the development of high-efficiency, low-emission combustion technologies.

[1] C.D. Slabaugh, A.C. Pratt, R.P. Lucht, S.E. Meyer, M. Benjamin, K. Lyle and M. Kelsey (2014), The Development of an Optically Accessible, High-Power Combustion Test Rig, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85(3), 035105.
[2] B. Janus, A. Dreizler and J. Janicka (2004), Flow Field and Structure of Swirl Stabilized Non-Premixed Natural Gas Flames at Elevated Pressure Available to Purchase, ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air 1, 14-17.
[3] J.C. Broda, S. Seo, R.J. Santoro, G. Shirhattikar and V. Yang (1998), An experimental study of combustion dynamics of a premixed swirl injector, Symposium (International) on Combustion 27(2), 1849-1856.
[4] P. Griebel, E. Boschek and P. Jansohn (2007), Lean Blowout Limits and NOx Emissions of Turbulent, Lean Premixed, Hydrogen-Enriched Methane/Air Flames at High Pressure, J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 129(2), 404-410.
[5] J. Frank, M. Miller and M. Allen, Imaging of laser-induced fluorescence in a high-pressure combustor, AIAA Paper 99-0773, 1999.
[6] T. Sidwell, G. Richards, K. Casleton, D. Straub, D. Maloney, P. Strakey, D. Ferguson, S. Beer and S. Woodruff (2006), Optically Accessible Pressurized Research Combustor for Computational Fluid Dynamics Model Validation, AIAA JOURNAL 44(3), 434-443.
[7] Y.R. Hicks, R.J. Locke and R.C. Anderson (2000), Optical Measurement and Visualization in High-Pressure, High-Temperature, Aviation Gas Turbine Combustors, NASA/TM, 210377.
[8] A. Cochet, V. Bodoc C. Brossard, O. Dessornes, C. Guin, R. Lecourt M. Orain, A. Vincent-Randonnier (2016), ONERA Test Facilities for Combustion in Aero Gas Turbine Engines, and Associated Optical Diagnostics, Aerospace Lab JOURNAL 11(1), 1-16.
[9] F. Grisch, A. Boukhalfa, G. Cabot, B. Renou and A. Vandel (2016), Coria Aeronautical CombustionFacilities and Associated Optical Diagnostics, Aerospace Lab JOURNAL 11(2), 1-13.
[10] I. Boxx, C. Slabaugh, P. Kutne, R.P. Lucht and W. Meier (2015), 3 KHz PIV/OH-PLIF Measurements in a Gas Turbine Combustor at Elevated Pressure, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 35(3), 3793-3802.
[11] C.D. Slabaugh, I. Boxx, S. Werner, R.P. Lucht and W. Meier (2016), Structure and Dynamics of Premixed Swirl Flames at Elevated Power Density, AIAA Journal, 54(3), 946-961.
[12] D. Schneider, U. Meier, W. Quade, J. Koopman, T. Aumeier, A. Langfeld, T. Behrendt, C. Hassa and L. Rackwitz, A New Test Rig for Laser OpticalInvestigations of Lean Jet Engine Burners, 27th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, Nice, France, September 19-24, 2010.
[13] L. Lange, J. Heinze, M. Schroll, C. Willert, and T. Behrendt (2012), Combination of Planar Laser Optical Measurement Techniques for the Investigation of Pre-Mixed Lean Combustion, 16th Int Symp on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal.
[14] A. Bagdanavicius, N. Shelil, P.J. Bowen, N. Syred and A.P. Crayford, Investigations of gaseous alternative fuels at atmospheric and elevated temperature and pressure conditions, ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Glasgow, UK, June 14-18, 2010.
[15] C. Liu, F. Liu, J. Yang, Y. Mu, C. Hu and G. Xu (2017), Experimental Investigation of Spray and Combustion Performances of a Fuel-Staged Low Emission Combustor: Effects of Main Swirl Angle, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 139(12), 121502.
[16] J.W. Hoyt and J.J. Taylor (1977), Waves on water jets, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 83(1), 119-127.
[17] S.P. Lin and Z.W. Lian (1990), Mechanisms of the breakup of liquid jets, AIAA Journal 28, 120-126.
[18] K. Rajamanickam and S. Basu (2016), Insights into the dynamics of spray-swirl interactions, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 810, 82-126.
[19] Q.F. Fu and L.J. Yang (2015), Visualization studies of the spray from swirl injectors under elevated ambient pressure, Aerospace Science and Technology 47, 154-163.
[20] S. Sharma, K Ghate, T. Sundararajan and S. Sahu (2019), Effects of air swirler geometry on air and spray droplet interactions in a spray chamber, Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11(5), 1-15.
[21] K. Rajamanickam, A. Potnis, S. Kumar and S. Basu (2020), On the dynamics of sprays in complex gas turbine swirl injectors, Experiments in Fluids 61(2), 39.
[22] K.P. Shanmugadas, S.R. Chakravarthy, R.N. Chiranthan, J. Sekar and S. Krishnaswami (2018), Characterization of wall filming and atomization inside a gas-turbine swirl injector, Experiments in Fluids 59, 151.
[23] S.K. Soni and P.S. Kolhe (2021), Liquid jet breakup and spray formation with annular swirl air, International Journal of Multiphase Flow 134, 103474.
[24] J.C. Lasheras and E.J. Hopfinger (2000), Liquid jet instability and atomization in a coaxial gas stream, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 32, 275-308.
[25] M. Pilch and C.A. Erdman (1987), Use of breakup time data and velocity history data to predict the maximum size of stable fragments for acceleration-induced breakup of a liquid drop, International Journal of Multiphase Flow 13, 741-757.
[26] C.T. Crowe, J.N. Chung and T.R. Troutt (1988), Particle mixing in free shear flows, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 14, 171-194.
[27] U. Meier, J. Heinze, S. Freitag and C. Hassa (2012), Spray and flame structure of a generic injector at aeroengine conditions, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 134, 031503.
[28] N. Watanabe, N. Kurimoto, K. Serizawa, M. Yoshino, S. Skeen and L.M. Pickett (2021), Identification of Significant Design Factors for Diesel Spray Combustion Control through Comprehensive Experiments with Various Multi-Hole Nozzle Internal Geometries, Standard Article 23(2), 319-333.
[29] M. Manish and S. Sahu (2021), Optical Characterization of Droplet Clusters and Group Combustion in Spray Diffusion Flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38(2), 3409-3416.
[30] J. Lee, S. Woo, I. Lee, Y. Han and Y. Yoon (2024), Characteristics of Spray and Combustion in Gas-Centered Swirl Coaxial Injector with Varying Gas Nozzle Diameter, Acta Astronautica 215, 631-641.
[31] N.C.W. Treleaven, D. Laera, J. Carmona, N. Odier, Y. Gentil, J. Dombard, G. Daviller, L. Gicquel and T. Poinsot (2022), Coupling of Combustion Simulation with Atomisation and Filming Models for LES in Swirled Spray Flames, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 109, 759-789.
[32] S. Woo, J. Lee, I. Lee, S. Kim, Y. Han and Y. Yoon  (2023), Analyzing Combustion Efficiency According to Spray Characteristics of Gas-Centered Swirl-Coaxial Injector, Aerospace 10(3), 274.
[33] A. Mardani, A. Azimi and H.K.M. Mahalegi (2021), An Experimental Study on Kerosene Spray Combustion Under Conventional and Hot-Diluted Conditions, Combustion Science and Technology 194(13), 2712-2751.
[34] A.L. Sánchez, J. Urzay and A. Liñán (2014), The Role of Separation of Scales in the Description of Spray Combustion, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35(2), 1549-1577.
[35] T. Kamimoto, Y. Deguchi, Y. Shisawa, Y. Kitauchi and Y. Eto (2016), Development of fuel composition measurement technology using laser diagnostics, Applied Thermal Engineering 102, 596-603.
[36] J. Lee, C. Bong, J. Yoo and M.S. Bak (2020), Combined use of TDLAS and LIBS for reconstruction of temperature and concentration fields, Optics Express 28, 21121-21133.
[37] M.M. Sentko, S. Schulz, B. Stelzner, C. Anderlohr, M. Vicari and D. Trimis (2020), Determination of temperature and water-concentration in fuel-rich oxy-fuel methane flames applying TDLAS, Combustion and Flame 214, 336-345.
[38] Y.J. Chen, Preparation, Spray Characteristics and Linear Burn Rates of Hydroxylammonium Nitrate Gel, Master Thesis, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, 2024.