降雨量變化影響溪流之流量表現，大量降雨則造成洪流事件，影響溪流棲地環境與底棲生物組成。本研究以太魯閣國家公園砂卡礑溪所產之襀翅目(Plecoptera)稚蟲群集為對象，探討襀翅目群集結構與棲地關聯性的季節性變化。實驗期間為2008年四月至2009年四月，於砂卡礑步道沿線設置四個調查樣站，以每月乙次的頻度進行稚蟲採樣與環境變項量測，結果如下述。(一) 溪流環境變化主要與豪、大雨事件頻度有關，主成分分析前兩軸顯示，九月以前，環境變異主要與流量增加有關；九月後環境變異則與水溫、水質改變有關。(二) 襀翅目群集在雨季期間，豐度、屬數與歧異度皆有下降的趨勢，九月份與調查起始月份之群集相似性最低； 十月份後各樣站襀翅目豐度、豐量、歧異度雖逐漸回升但並未恢復至雨季前之狀態，新石蠅屬的優勢度較雨季前高，造成樣站間群集相似性提高。(三) 以典型對應分析(CCA)前兩軸顯示，調查全期襀翅目群集變異可被解釋33.1%，不同攝食功能群在棲地利用上有所區隔。主要影響群集結構變化之環境變項為：固著大型底質、底棲流速變異系數、凋落物堆積量、水深變異系數。(四) 不同季節中， CCA前兩軸由環境變項所解釋的累積襀翅目群集變異量有所差異。雨季前及雨季中，生物變異與環境變動有高度關聯性；雨季後，生物變異與環境關聯性最低。推測限制生物移動、分佈的環境因素在雨季後受到緩解，故關聯性降低。端刺石蠅屬的棲地利用於不同季節間改變較大：端刺石蠅屬在雨季前、中與固著大型底質關係較為密切，雨季後則與固著大型底質無相關。本研究歸納出極端降雨事件造成溪流環境與襀翅目群集擾動，進而改變襀翅目群集與棲地環境的關聯性。隨著全球氣候變遷，降雨模式改變對溪流環境以及底棲生物群集所帶來的影響值得持續關注。

Temporal distribution of rainfalls is the major cause for
seasonal change in stream flow. Flood disturbances resulted from extreme rainy events alter stream habitats and benthic-invertebrate assemblage. This study aimed to understand the temporal variation of stonefly (Plecoptera)-habitat associations in Sakadang Stream, Taroko National Park. From April 2008 to April 2009, four sites along the stream were sampled monthly for stonefly nymphs and environmental variables. The stonefly-habitat associations were analyzed using ordination methods and the main results were the followings. (1) The habitat variations before September were mainly related to flow changes, but those after September were associated primarily with water quality and temperature as revealed by principle component analysis. (2) Similarity of stonefly assemblage between April and September, 2008, were lowest among all monthly samples. Abundance, species richness and evenness of the stonefly assemblage declined during the rainy season. After the rainy season, the diversity indices increased but did not recover to the pre-season level. The abundance of genus Neoperla dominated the assemblage and resulted in a low similarity among sites. (3) About 1/3 of the variations of stonefly assemblage from all samples could be explained by fixed giant substrate, the coefficient of variations (CV) of benthic flow velocity, the amount of leaf litter, and the CV of water depth as the results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Stonefly taxa with different feeding guilds were related to distinct habitat variables. (4) The stonefly-habitat relationships explained by the first two axes of CCA were stronger in the pre-rainy and mid-rainy seasons, while that in the post-rainy season was weak. It might be the constraints imposed by the floods in rainy season were relaxed so the strong relationships observed during the previous seasons were diluted. The habitat use of genus Cryptoperla also shifted after rainy season. Results of this study indicate that the stonefly-habitat associations may be altered by floods caused by extreme rainy events. As global temperature continues to rise and frequency of extreme rainfall increases, the long-term consequences of floods on stonefly assemblage and their habitats need to be closely monitored.

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