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研究生: 黃國晃
Huang, Kuo-huang
論文名稱: 以機械攪磨及化學剝層製備雲母微粒之探討
The preparation of fine-grain mica by physical grinding and chemical delimination
指導教授: 申永輝
Shen, Yung-hui
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 資源工程學系
Department of Resources Engineering
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 82
中文關鍵詞: 攪拌研磨機白雲母化學離子雲母球磨機鉀離子物理研磨
外文關鍵詞: exfoliate, composite, muscovite, attrition mill
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  • 雲母的晶面間距接近奈米層級,甚為符合近年來複合材料開發之大方向,雲母具有優良的化學、物理性質且其化性安定、耐高溫、抗紫外線、折射度高、絕緣性佳,再加上自給充足,實為一種值得深入探討研究發展之礦物材。但雲母層間電荷高,吸引力強,不具膨潤性,因此粒徑縮減及其進一步之剝離相當不易進行,故利用適當的物理與化學方式進行雲母粒徑縮減和減少層間鍵結力以利後續剝離、插層作業為本研究目的。
    在物理研磨方面,以相同種類、粒徑之磨體,在相同礦漿濃度的研磨條件下,攪拌研磨機之粉碎效果明顯優於球磨機。而利用效率較好的攪拌研磨機進行粒徑縮減時,高礦漿濃度(重量百分比35%)在初時研磨效率較好,但隨著研磨時間增加黏度也大幅提升,故在攪磨一段時間後低礦漿濃度(重量百分比10%)研磨效率反而較好。另外,在相同濃度下,粒徑大小隨著攪磨時間增長而縮小,但攪磨到48hr 後攪磨的效率便無法提升,而層間的鉀離子也會因雲母結構被破壞後而被釋放出來,但釋放出來的鉀離子為量不多,最多佔原礦的0.53%。
    在化學離子置換方面,層間鉀離子被鋰離子交換後再微幅縮減雲母粒徑,且其CEC 值可由原來之3.42 meq/100g 大幅提升至
    118.86meq/100g,CEC 值的提升對於往後複合材料之製作將會有很大的幫助。而雲母粒徑大小也與層間的鉀離子置換性有關連,由本研究顯示粒徑越小之雲母其鉀離子置換性越好,其層間鉀離子的殘留量可由原礦的48.15%下降至35.90%。

    Muscovite is close to nano-sized layer structure, accord with general orientation that composite develops in recent years, in addition to having fine chemistry, physical property, stability and excellent properties in
    anti-ultraviolet, anti-static, heat resistance,electricity insulation. It is worth probing into the mineral material which for one studies thoroughly.But electric charge is high among the muscovite layer. Bond strength is strong, so particle reducing and further exfoliating is quite difficult to carry on. This research purpose is utilizing proper physics and chemical way to reduce muscovite particle size and bond strength among the layer.
    The respect in physics grinding: under the similar grinding condition with the same concentration of slurry and same type of media with identical diameter, the milling efficiency of the “attrition mill” is obviously superior to “ball mill”.And using the “attrition mill” having better efficiency to carry on particle reducing, the efficiency of high concentration of slurry (weight
    percentage is 35%) is better at the very start. But with grinding time increasing viscosity raises quickly, so the efficiency of low concentration of slurry (weight percentage is 10%) is better contrariously. In addition,
    under the same concentration of slurry, particle size will reduce with grinding time increasing, but the efficiency won,t increase after grinding 48hr.The potassium ions of layer can be released after destroying, but that is little quantity, accounts for 0.53% of the original ore at most.
    The respect in the chemical ion replacing: particle size can be reduced after potassium ion exchanging with lithium ion in the layer. Its CEC value can be improved from original 3.42 meq/100g to 118.86meq/100g. And the muscovite particle size is related to potassium ion replacement among layer. Based on the test results, the particle size will be smaller if the finer potassium ion replacement of muscovite. The remnant amount of the potassium ion among layer can drop to 35.90% from 48.15% of the original ore.

    摘要……………………………………………………………I Abstract…………………………………………………… II 誌謝…………………………………………………………III 總目錄……………………………………………………… IV 表目錄……………………………………………………… VI 圖目錄………………………………………………………VII 第一章 序論...................................... 1 1.1前言...........................................1 1.2 研究目的......................................2 第二章 基礎背景與前人研究........................ 5 2.1 層狀矽酸鹽礦物構造............................5 2.1.1 白雲母組成與結構...........................11 2.1.2 物理化學特性...............................13 2.1.3 工業應用...................................15 2.2 黏土礦物熱重分析.............................17 2.3 粉碎之理論...................................19 2.3.1 粉碎力學理論...............................19 2.3.2 研磨能耗學說...............................21 2.4 離子交換行為.................................23 2.4.1 陽離子選擇性...............................25 2.5 前人研究.....................................29 2.5.1 研磨分析...................................29 2.6.2 離子交換研究...............................30 第三章 研究方法................................. 32 3.1 研究範圍與架構...............................32 3.2 實驗材料與設備...............................33 3.2.1 實驗材料...................................33 3.2.2 實驗設備...................................37 3.3 實驗步驟.....................................39 3.4 實驗流程.....................................40 第四章 實驗結果與討論........................... 43 4.1 研磨機具之選擇...............................43 4.2 粒徑縮減試驗.................................47 4.2.1 礦漿濃度對研磨之影響.......................47 4.2.2 研磨時間對粒徑縮減與層間離子含量變化之影響.50 4.2.3 研磨後之比表面積與離子交換量之量測.........53 4.2.4 研磨後之X 光繞射分析與紅外線光譜分析.......56 4.2.5 白雲母原礦與攪拌研磨後之SEM 分析...........59 4.3 白雲母層間離子置換實驗.......................62 4.3.1 白雲母預熱.................................62 4.3.2 白雲母預熱處理的影響.......................67 4.3.3 白雲母離子置換後之XRD 與SEM 分析...........69 4.3.4 白雲母離子置換後CEC 與比表面積分析.........72 4.3.5 層間離子變化...............................74 第五章 結論與建議............................... 75 5.1 結論.........................................75 5.2 建議.........................................77 參考文獻........................................ 78 附錄A…………………………………………………………82

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