在競技運動中，運動員常會因競賽壓力造成運動表現失常，目前用於改善此現象的介入法有些無法被應用於實際情境，有些則效果不彰，因此本研究想探究alpha神經回饋訓練是否為一有效的介入法，能改善運動員的壓力、工作記憶與運動表現。本研究採混合實驗設計，控制組與實驗組依序經歷前測、訓練期和後測等三個情境，訓練期是使用神經回饋訓練，其中控制組接受隨機節律的訓練，實驗組則學習提升其alpha節律能量，前測與後測收集主觀回饋，包含壓力VAS和競賽狀態焦慮量表 (CSAI-2)等量表，也觀測客觀數據，如心律變異的低頻 (Low Frequency, LF) 和高頻 (High Frequency, HF) 、測量工作記憶能力的N-back認知作業以及桌球4-back發球測驗等指標，研究結果顯示控制組的各項指標再訓練前後無明顯變化，而實驗組在接受alpha神經回饋訓練後，主觀回饋中，壓力 VAS量表的壓力指數明顯下降，且CSAI-2的自信心向度顯著提升，客觀指標中，心律變異LF顯著下降HF顯著上升，N-back認知作業2-back層級的正確率也顯著上升，此外，桌球4-back發球測驗的正確率也明顯提高，本研究認為，此alpha提升神經回饋訓練提升了桌球運動員的壓力因應能力與自信，並且透過促進工作記憶能力提升了其工作記憶相關的桌球運動表現。

Athletes experience performance impairment in stressful competitions. To address this issue, this study applied alpha-increased neurofeedback training (NFT) as an intervention. We aim to understand whether after NFT, under the same stressful circumstances, table tennis players would experience a reduction in stress and anxiety levels. We hypothesized that there would be improvements in working memory ability and sports performance after the training. This study was a mixed experimental design. Two groups went through three conditions: pretest, training sessions, and posttest. During the training sessions, NFT was conducted, with the control group receiving random rhythm feedback and the experimental group learning to increase their alpha rhythm amplitude. In the pretest and posttest, subjective feedback was obtained, including Stress and anxiety inventories (Stress VAS, CSAI-2, etc.). Objective measures such as HRV, N-back cognitive task, and table tennis 4-back serving test were collected. There were no significant changes in the control group's index. However, after alpha NFT, the experimental group exhibited a significant decrease in stress perception according to the Stress VAS. Their self-confidence also improved based on the result of CSAI-2. As for objective measures, the experimental group demonstrated a significant decrease in HRV-LF and an increase in HRV-HF. The accuracy of both the 2-back cognitive task and the 4-back serving test improved. We suggest that the alpha-increased NFT enhances the stress-coping ability and self-confidence of table tennis players and further improves their working memory and related sports performance.

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