本研究深入探討了單期接單生產系統中的情境，該系統涉及兩項產品（產品1和產品2），兩者分別擁有著嚴格和寬鬆的技術規格。這兩種產品共用相同類型的原材料，透過相同的生產過程進行加工。然而，由於品質上的差異，我們能夠從供應商處購買新材料，以供應兩種產品的製造需求，同時也能將已使用過的材料轉化為回收材料，並在產品2的生產過程中予以應用。本研究以最小化預期總成本為目標，藉由數值分析和模擬方法，深入分析了製造商在新材料的常規訂購、緊急訂購，以及生產過程中廢棄物再利用等方面的決策，這些決策協同降低了因需求和供應不匹配而帶來的風險。在外生回收率情境下，回收物再利用能夠在風險緩解方面補足對新材料的常規訂購。尤其在單位加急訂購成本相對較高且持續上升的情況下，有助於降低製造商的預期總成本。而透過平衡常規訂購數量與回收努力，研究以內生回收方式進行的廢物再利用，我們發現能夠在最小化加急訂購費用的前提下達成兩大目標。此外，研究發現常規訂購數量通常與生產過程中所使用的回收材料數量呈反比例關係，隨著單位加急訂購成本的變動和其他模型參數的變化，回收努力與回收材料數量之間的關係呈現反比例變化，而在其他模型參數變動時，單位加急訂購成本與回收材料數量成正比例變化。因此，研究得出以下結論，當製造商希望專注於其主要業務時，將回收過程外包給成本效益更高的專業回收廠商，將使製造商在回收廠商的成本效益明顯時實現最低成本。最後，我們根據數值分析的結果，提出了一些管理上的見解，進一步對論文內容進行歸納和探討。

This study examines a single-period make-to-order system in which manufacturers produce two products with tighter and looser specifications. The production of these two products uses the same material type in a common process. Due to differences in quality, new materials can be utilized in producing both products, from which spent materials can be converted into recycled materials and used to produce product 2. Based on expected total cost minimization, analytical and numerical analyses are used to investigate the manufacturer’s decisions regarding regular orders for new materials and regarding reusing the manufacturing waste that jointly mitigate the risk of demand-and-supply mismatch. With an exogenous recycling rate, waste reuse can complement the regular order for new materials in risk mitigation while reducing the manufacturer’s expected total cost when the unit expedited ordering cost increases. By balancing the regular order quantity and the recycling effort, waste reuse with endogenous recycling enables the achievement of both objectives even when the expedited ordering cost is small. In addition, the regular order quantity is inversely proportional to the quantity of recycled materials used in production. Interestingly, the recycling effort is inversely proportional to the recycled materials as the unit expedited ordering cost varies and increases when the defective unit cost is small and recycled materials’ processing capabilities are improved. Finally, outsourcing the recycling process to a specialized recycler with higher cost efficiency will make the manufacturer achieve the minimum expected total cost when the recycling cost is significantly low.

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