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研究生：	幸漢恩 Hsing, Han-En
論文名稱：	活動樂活產品之說服設計 Persuasive Design for LOHAS Products with Physical Activity
指導教授：	施勵行 Shih, Li-Hsing
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 資源工程學系 Department of Resources Engineering
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	153
中文關鍵詞：	說服科技、案例式推理、活動樂活
外文關鍵詞：	Persuasive Technology, Case-Based Reasoning, LOHAS
相關次數：	點閱：66 下載：0
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隨著時代進步，樂活生活開始受到越來越多的關注，樂活生活的崛起顯示出大眾對於健康及永續概念的重視和嚮往。樂活生活之概念所涵蓋的範圍相當廣泛，而本研究特別集中針對包含人類肢體活動的樂活產品概念進行研究並且劃分出了新範疇，稱為「活動樂活」。活動樂活專注於人的身體活動與樂活產品之間的互動，並且希望人們可以透過活動肢體的過程中同時獲得健康或永續方面的益處。這項新概念啟發於兩項不同觀點:健康及永續，從永續的觀點來看，人類的肢體活動可經由科技將動能轉換成電力加以運用，提供了未來新能源上的替代方案。從健康的觀點來看，經常性的活動及運動能帶給現代人健康上的幫助，將活力注入人們日常生活中。本研究希望可以透過說服科技的概念來促使人們能夠多活動身體並藉此同時獲得健康或永續。本研究之主要目的在於為產品開發者提供一套設計輔助工具，以協助開發者進行活動樂活產品之設計開發。本研究透過案例式推理法，建立案例資料庫以及領域模型，讓產品開發者能夠從中獲得相關設計建議或者是設計靈感上的啟發。案例資料庫中蒐集了73件與活動樂活相關的產品作為案例，接著經由領域模型中的六項屬性進行檢視，針對個別案例中所產生的不同行為變化、科技應用、樂活效果、設計法則和設計模式進行統計分析與歸納。同時，本研究對設計法則和設計模式進行整合，整理出專門針對活動樂活產品的設計建議。此案例資料庫能提供指示和靈感兩種建議模式，指示模式中，產品開發者能透過行為變化、科技應用或樂活效果這三項分類機制進行選擇，而後透過查詢表格的方式獲得適當的設計建議。靈感模式中則是藉由觀察設計建議或選擇分類後，選取合適的案例檔案進行聯想。最後本研究將以一項活動樂活產品進行示範，以驗證該設計輔助工具在實際運用中的狀況，並進行討論與改善。

In the past few years, the lifestyle of health and sustainability has grown to become an insight of how future lifestyles can become and a foundation of the research. This research narrows down the scope, focusing on LOHAS products with physical activities, the main ideas on focusing in this domain can be explained in two main aspects: Sustainability and Health. From the sustainable aspect, bodily movements can be transferred into a source of energy harvesting that helps reduce conventional energy consumption. From the health aspect, physical activity brings great benefits in health and fitness. The initial motivation of this research is to understand the mechanisms on how technologies can bring out the physical activeness in humans and transform into the benefits of health or sustainability. Persuasive Technology unveils the link between human behaviors and technologies, presenting key concepts on how technologies can influence their users.
The main objective of this research is to propose a design aid using case-based reasoning to facilitate LOHAS with physical activities conceptual product designs for future practitioners and designers through the applications of the case library, which includes the collection of 73 cases, structure of domain model and proposed different approaches in providing suggestions to designers. The domain model of the case library consists of different six attributes, extracted from important literatures and expertise through discussions. Four attributes in the domain model, behavior flavors, physical involvement, LOHAS effects and technology contents act as input categories for the storage and retrieval of cases. The other two attributes, design principles and design patterns are integrated into design strategies from the examination of cases and discussions with experts. These strategies act as output suggestions and can be provided to designers according to their chosen classification indices. Cases inspected through the domain model are recorded into case profiles and then indexed to store into the case library database for statistical analysis which reflects the strength of suggestions for design principles and patterns according the chosen categories. Two modes of suggestions can be provided by the case library; the prescription mode recommends suitable design strategies to the designer according to their chosen index and in the inspiration mode, designers can refer directly to the design strategies or select the desired categories to retrieve case profiles for inspirations. A demonstration was performed in the final phase to see how the case library can adapt to practical applications.
This research contributes by proposing a new realm of products in the LOHAS domain that includes physical activities and provides a design aid to facilitate conceptual product designs for future practitioners and designers in this domain through the applications of the LOHAS products with physical activity case library and the set of new design strategies proposed in this research. This research is merely a stepping stone towards LOHAS with physical activity products, opening the gates of this new domain.

Table of Content
Chapter 1 Introduction	1
1-1 Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability	1
1-2 LOHAS Products with Physical Activities	2
1-3 Technologies and LOHAS with Physical Activities	4
1-4 Visions of this Research	6
1-5 Research Objectives	6
1-6 Research Structure	7
Chapter 2 Literature Review	10
2-1 Design for Sustainable Behavior	10
2-1-1 The Design with Intent Method	11
2-2 Persuasive Technology	15
2-2-1 Computers as Persuasive Technologies	17
2-2-2 The Behavior Model	18
2-2-3 The Behavior Wizard	20
2-2-4 Persuasive Systems Design	22
2-3 Case-Based Reasoning	28
2-4 LOHAS with Physical Activities	33
2-4-1 Introduction of LOHAS	33
2-4-2 New Product with Physical Activities	36
2-4-3 Energy Harvesting From Human Power	37
Chapter 3 Methodology	45
3-1 Framework of Research	45
3-2 The Domain Model of Case Library	47
3-2-1 Design principles from the PSD concept	48
3-2-2 Design patterns from the DwI method	50
3-2-3 Behavior Flavors from the Behavior Wizard	52
3-2-4 Physical Involvement of the Bodily Movements	53
3-2-5 The Behavior Change Matrix for LOHAS with Physical Behaviors	54
3-2-6 Technology Contents of Products	55
3-2-7 LOHAS Effects of the Case Products	58
3-3 Building Case Library	59
3-3-1 Case Collection	59
3-3-2 Examples of the Collected Cases	61
3-3-3 Case Profile	65
3-3-4 Case Index	68
Chapter 4: Design Strategies for LOHAS Products with Physical Activity	70
4-1 Design Strategies from the Primary Task Support	74
4-2 Design Strategies from the Dialogue Support	84
4-3 Design Strategies from the Social Support	90
4-4 Design Strategies from the System Credibility Support	97
Chapter 5 A Design Aid for LOHAS Products with Physical Activity	100
5-1 Framework of the Design Aid for LOHAS with Physical Activity	100
5-2 The Statistical Analysis of Design Principles and Design Patterns	101
5-2-1 Statistical Results for the Behavior Matrix	102
5-2-2 Statistical Results for Technology Applications	106
5-2-3 Statistical results for the LOHAS Effects	108
5-3 Modes of Suggestions	110
5-3-1 The Prescription Mode	110
5-3-2 The Inspiration Mode	113
5-4 Demonstration of Practical Application	113
5-4-1 Different Approaches of Applications	114
5-4-2 Conclusions of the Demonstration	121
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Suggestions	123
6-1 Conclusions	123
6-2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Work.	127
References	131
Appendix	139


Tables
Table 2-1 Target Behaviors of Design with Intent	12
Table 2-2 Postulates behind Persuasive Systems	24
Table 2-3 Four Categories for Persuasive System Principles	26
Table 2-4 Important Sustainability Indicators	34
Table 2-5. The Advantages and Disadvantage of Human-Powered Products	43
Table 3-1 Six Attributes of the Domain Model	48
Table 3-2 Design Principles within the Domain Model	50
Table 3-3 Design Patterns within the Domain Model	52
Table 3-4 Three Behavior Flavors within the Domain Model	53
Table 3-5 Physical Involvements of the Bodily Movements	54
Table 3-6. The Behavior Matrix for LOHAS with Physical Activity	55
Table 3-7Technology Contents within the Domain Model	57
Table 3-8 LOHAS Effects within the Domain Model	58
Table 3-9. The Main Sources of Cases	61
Table 3-10. Examples of Cases within Different Flavors	64
Table 3-11. The Contents of a Case Profile	66
Table 3-12. Example of a Case Profile	67
Table 4-1 Design Strategies from the Primary Task Support	78
Table 4-2 Design Strategies from the Dialogue Support	87
Table 4-3 Design Strategies from the Social Support	94
Table 4-4 Design Strategies from the System Credibility Support	99
Table 5-1 Cases Categorized within the Behavior Matrix	103
Table 5-2 Suggestion of Design Principles According to Behavior Matrix	104
Table 5-3 Suggestion of Design Patterns According to Behavior Matrix	105
Table 5-4 Suggestion of Design Principles According to Technology Applications	107
Table 5-5 Suggestion of Design Principles According to LOHAS Effects	109
Table 5-6 Suggestion of Design Patterns According to LOHAS Effects	109
Table 5-7 Suggested Design Strategies for the Purple Lower Limb Grid	116
Table 5-8 Design Ideas Generated in the First Approach	117
Table 5-9 Suggested Design Strategies for the Selected Technologies	118
Table 5-10 Design Ideas Generated in the Second Approach	119
Table 5-11 Suggested Design Strategies for Sustainability Effects	120
Table 5-12 Design Ideas Generated in the Third Approach	121
 

Figures
Figure 1-1 Research Flowchart	9
Figure 2-1 Examples of the Design Patterns from the DwI Card Deck	13
Figure 2-2 The Structure of the Design with Intent Method	14
Figure 2-3 Functional Triad of Computer Persuasion	17
Figure 2-4 The Behavior Model	19
Figure 2-5 The Behavior Wizard	20
Figure 2-6 Frameworks for Designing Persuasive Systems	23
Figure 2-7 Analysis of the Persuasion Context	24
Figure 2-8 Persuasive Design Features	27
Figure 2-9 The CBR Model of Kolodner and Leake	31
Figure 2-10 The 4REs CBR Cycle	32
Figure 2-11 The 5REs Model	32
Figure 2-12 The R5 CBR Model	33
Figure 2-13 Computations per kilowatt-hour over time	39
Figure 2-14 Relative Improvements in Computing Technology	40
Figure 2-15 EcoIndicator 95 Value of the Different Powered Radios	42
Figure 2-16. Interaction Map for human-powered products	44
Figure 3-1 Framework of Research	46
Figure 3-2 The Three Fundamental Conditions of Cases	59
Figure 3-3 The Indices of the Case Library	68
Figure 4-1 The Relationships between Design Principles and Patterns	72
Figure 5-1 Framework of the Suggestion Modes for Design Facilitation	101
Figure 5-2 Process of Checking on the Suggestion Tables	112
Figure 5-3 An illustrative picture of the G572r Cycle	114
Figure 5-4 Illustrative Pictures of the Actual Machines in the Gym	115

                                    

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