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研究生：	黃楷權 Huang, Kai-Chuan
論文名稱：	柴油引擎於不同進氣溫度和異丙醇噴射正時下進氣處噴入異丙醇之性能與排汙研究 Study of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engines Isopropanol at Inlet Port with Varying Intake Air Temperature and Isopropanol Injection Timing
指導教授：	吳鴻文 Wu, Horng-Wen
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 系統及船舶機電工程學系 Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	117
中文關鍵詞：	柴油引擎、異丙醇、進氣處預加熱、噴射正時、廢氣再循環、燃燒特性
外文關鍵詞：	Diesel engine, isopropanol, inlet pre-heating, injection timing, EGR, combustion characteristics
相關次數：	點閱：56 下載：0
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全球與能源相關的二氧化碳排放在持續三年持平後於2017年再次成長。在新政策情境中，從現在到2040 年能源相關的二氧化碳排放呈緩慢上升趨勢，遠遠跟不上科學界認為的應對氣候變化所需的減排步伐。因此，研究學者們近年來積極開發替代性燃料，以減少化石燃料對地球造成的汙染，解決全球的能源危機與氣候變化對地球造成的影響。
異丙醇作為柴油引擎的替代燃料，其特點為較高的蒸發潛熱以及較低的熱值，也屬於富氧燃料之一。不僅可以降低柴油引擎之NOx與Smoke的廢氣排放，更可以提高柴油引擎之性能。本研究使用單缸直噴式柴油引擎於進氣端加熱，並使用電子控制噴射異丙醇，改變引擎轉速、負荷、異丙醇質量分率、噴射正時、EGR比率與進氣溫度進行交叉實驗。探討進氣端噴異丙醇之柴油引擎性能與污染排放之關係。同時，利用模擬程式KIVA 3V-RELEASE2，藉由修改程式進氣組成進行數值運算分析，探討進氣處噴異丙醇於柴油引擎內部特性及其燃燒模式，將氣缸壓力、碳煙與NOx等汙染物的計算與實驗數據加以比較且互相印證。實驗結果顯示，於入口處添加異丙醇可以增加柴油引擎之氣缸壓力峰值與熱釋放率，提高引擎性能，並且能減少NOx與Smoke的濃度排放。另外輔助燃料的噴射時間在25 °BTC時，NOx與Smoke的濃度排放低於其他曲柄角度。此外模擬結果表明，於進氣端導入異丙醇能降低缸內燃燒溫度與提高氣缸壓力，並且改善氣缸內的燃燒情況。汙染物方面，NOx與Smoke的濃度則有下降的趨勢。模擬與實驗相比，結果大致上相符，因此增加了實驗的準確性。

Global energy-related CO2 emissions have grown again in 2017 after three years of flat. In the new policy scenario, energy-related CO2 emissions are slowly rising from now to 2040, far from the pace of reductions required by the scientific community to address climate change. Therefore, research scholars have been actively developing alternative fuels in recent years to reduce the pollution caused by fossil fuels to the earth and solve the global energy crisis and the impact of climate change on globe.
As an alternative fuel for diesel engines, isopropanol (IPA) is characterized by high latent heat of vaporization, low calorific value, and also one of the oxygen-enriched fuels. Not only can it reduce the diesel engine's NOx and Smoke emissions, but it can also increase the performance of the diesel engine. This study used a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine to change the engine speed, load, isopropanol mass fraction, injection timing, EGR ratio, and intake air temperature with electronic control unit, EGR device and inlet pre-heating system for crossover experiments. The relationship between the engine performance and the pollution emission of diesel engine was compared by introduction of isopropanol. Using the simulation program KIVA 3V-RELEASE2, by modifying the program intake composition for numerical calculation analysis, this study examined the internal characteristics and combustion mode of the isopropanol sprayed in the diesel engine. At the same time, the internal characteristics and combustion mode of the isopropanol sprayed in the diesel engine are discussed using the simulation program KIVA 3V-RELEASE2, by modifying the program intake composition for numerical calculation analysis. The cylinder pressure, smoke and NOx obtained by calculation are compared with those by experiment and confirmed to be correct. The experimental results show that the addition of isopropanol at the inlet port can increase the cylinder pressure peak and heat release rate of the diesel engine, improve engine performance, and reduce the concentration of NOx and Smoke emissions. In addition, when the injection timing of the auxiliary fuel is 25 °BTC, the concentration of NOx and Smoke are lower than those of other injection timings. In addition, the simulation results display that the introduction of isopropanol at the inlet port can reduce the in-cylinder combustion temperature, increase the cylinder pressure, and improve the combustion in the cylinder. The concentration of NOx and Smoke has a tendency to decrease. Compared with the experiment, the results are roughly consistent, thus increasing the credibility of the experiment in this paper.

摘要	I
Abstract	III
Acknowledgement	V
Content	VI
List of Tables	IX
List of Figures	X
Nomenclature	XV
Chapter 1. Introduction	1
1-1. Background	1
1-2. Literature review	3
1-2-1. Isopropanol (IPA)	3
1-2-2. EGR	5
1-2-3. Injection timing	6
1-2-4. Pre-heating of inlet	8
1-3. Motivation and objectives	9
Chapter 2. Theoretical Background	12
2-1. Combustion theory of a diesel engine	12
2-2. Formation of emissions	14
2-2-1. Hydrocarbons (HC)	14
2-2-2. Carbon monoxide (CO)	14
2-2-3. Nitrogen oxides (NOx)	15
2-2-4. Particulate Matter (PM)	16
2-2-5. Smoke	16
2-3. EGR ratio	17
2-4. Injection timing	17
2-5. Coefficient of variation	18
2.6. Isopropanol mass fraction	18
2-7. Fuel/Air ratio	19
2-8. Brake thermal efficiency ηb	19
2-9. Heat release rate	21
Chapter 3. Methodology descriptions	22
3-1. Numerical methods	22
3-1-1. Mesh Independence test	23
3-2. Detailed chemical kinetics mode	24
3-3. Research method	25
3-4. Engine combustion mode	25
3-5. Computer program structure of KIVA-3V	26
3-6. Primary parameters setting of KIVA-3V	27
Chapter 4. Experimental facilities	29
4-1. Experimental description	29
4-2. Apparatus	30
4-2-1. Specification of apparatus	31
4-3. Measurement of experimental data	34
4-3-1. Crank angle	34
4-3-2. In-cylinder pressure	34
4-3-3. Speed, horsepower output and load	35
4-3-4. CO/CO2/HC measurement	35
4-3-5. Smoke measurement	35
4-3-6. NOx measurement	36
4-3-7. PM2.5	36
4-4. Experimental procedures	37
4-5. Experimental considerations	38
Chapter 5. Results and discussion	39
5-1. Discussion on the stability of diesel engine	39
5-2. Experimental pressure analysis and heat release rate comparison	40
5-2-1. In-cylinder pressure	40
5-2-2. Heat release rates	41
5-3. BSFC, BTE and Equivalence ratio	41
5-3-1. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC)	41
5-3-2. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE)	42
5-3-3. Equivalence ratio	43
5-4. Comparison of pollutant emissions from diesel engine with diesel oil and addition of IPA at different injection timings	44
5-4-1. Concentration change of CO at different injection timings	44
5-4-2. Concentration change of NOx at different injection timings	44
5-4-3. Concentration change of HC at different injection timings	45
5-4-4. Concentration change of Smoke at different injection timings	45
5-4-5. Concentration change of PM2.5 at different injection timings	46
5-4-6. Comparison of pollutant emissions from diesel engine with diesel oil and addition of IPA at 25 °BTC	46
5-5. Comparison of experiments and simulations	47
5-6. In-cylinder combustion process simulation	48
Chapter 6. Conclusions and suggestion	50
6-1. Conclusions	50
6-2. Future prospect	51
References	53


                                    

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校內：2024-08-31公開
校外：2024-08-31公開

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