臺灣機車數量及使用率普遍較高，每年因騎乘機車死傷人數卻無顯降低的趨勢，2025年騎乘機車死傷人數為401,124人，佔交通事故全體死傷人數77%，機車安全問題仍為交通安全治理之核心議題。本研究建構機車交通法規知識、騎乘態度、風險感知、騎乘技能及騎士防禦駕駛行為模式，探討駕訓班學員受訓前後防禦騎乘行為受到那些因素的影響。收集390份有效並完整的問卷，問卷樣本具有良好的內部一致性信度，驗證性因素分析中模型適配度指標、區別效度以及收斂效度也能符合標準。
在訓練後的結構方程模型之中，8個因果關係中有7個之假設成立，其中，風險感知對防禦騎乘之間具有正向顯著之關係、騎乘技能對防禦騎乘之間具有正向顯著之關係，風險感知對騎乘技能之間具有正向顯著之關係，騎乘態度對風險感知之間具有負向顯著之關係，騎乘態度對騎乘技能之間具有正向顯著之關係，騎乘態度對交通法規知識之間具有負向顯著之關係，交通法規知識對風險感知之間的關係不顯著。在t檢定分析中，整體學員訓練後表現顯著優於訓練前，且縮小學員間對各構面認知程度的差距。在本研究模式中，在訓練後模型對防禦騎乘影響因素的總效果值之大小，依序為風險感知(總效果值為0.353)、騎乘技能(總效果值為0.112)、交通法規知識(總效果值為0.016)以及騎乘態度(總效果值為-0.278)，本研究發現，防禦騎乘行為受到風險感知、騎乘技能、交通法規知識及騎乘態度之顯著影響，其中以風險感知與騎乘技能的影響力較高，其次為交通法規知識，此結果支持保護動機理論強調個體之保護行為係由威脅評估與因應評估所共同決定之觀點。再者，依據2025年6、7月期間雲嘉南地區考領普通重型機車駕照後6個月內的違規情形，參加騎乘訓練後的學員於領照違規比率為2.14%，自行至監理站報考者於領照違規比率為7.88%，顯示機車騎乘訓練對提升交通安全具有正向效益，本研究成果可作為政府相關單位制定政策與推動交通安全教育之重要參考。

Taiwan has one of the highest motorcycle ownership and usage rates in the world, while motorcycle-related casualties have shown no significant decline in recent years. In 2025, motorcycle crashes resulted in 401,124 casualties, accounting for 77% of all road traffic casualties, indicating that motorcycle safety remains a critical issue in traffic safety management. This study investigated the factors influencing defensive riding behavior among motorcycle training school trainees before and after training. A total of 390 valid questionnaires were collected. The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and overall model fit through confirmatory factor analysis.
The post-training structural equation model supported seven of the eight proposed hypotheses. Risk perception and riding skills were found to have significant positive effects on defensive riding behavior, while risk perception also positively influenced riding skills. Riding attitude showed a significant negative effect on risk perception and traffic law knowledge, but a significant positive effect on riding skills. The relationship between traffic law knowledge and risk perception was not significant. Furthermore, paired-sample t-test results indicated that trainees performed significantly better after training than before training, with reduced variation in cognitive perceptions across all constructs.
Furthermore, the traffic violation rate within six months of license acquisition was 2.14% among trained riders, compared with 7.88% among those who obtained their licenses without formal training. These findings suggest that motorcycle rider training effectively promotes defensive riding behavior and enhances traffic safety, providing valuable evidence for transportation policy and traffic safety education.

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