台灣近年來蓬勃發展高科技產業，薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器(TFT-LCD)製造為主要開發之ㄧ，目前國內總產值居世界第二，僅次於南韓，預計在未來超越南韓，成為全球液晶螢幕的最大供應國，產值可達1.3兆元。隨著升產量的增加，相對地，有機廢水量也會隨之增加。預計未來每日所生產之廢水量將達200,000噸以上，未來高科技產業所生成的有機廢水量將相當可觀。其廢水組成以二甲基亞楓DMSO((CH3)2SO) 及乙醇銨MEA(C2H5ONH2))、氫氧化四甲基銨TMAH((CH3)4NOH)成分為主，屬於高氮廢水(TKN/COD = 0.13)。
本研究重於N-MBR生物處理之功能評估及微生物生態探討。進行六個不同負荷之試程，分別以合成廢水及實際TFT-LCD製程有機廢水作為處理對象。試程一至試程四，大體上COD及TOC去除率達 80 % ~ 90 %，DMSO、MEA和TMAH去除率皆達95 %以上，有機氮去除率75 % ~ 95 %，有機氮分解產生氨氮，氨氮經硝化菌進行氧化，故試程中有硝酸之形成，硝酸濃度隨著有機氮分解效率而改變。除了試程五初期，MEA分解菌受現場TFT-LCD製程有機廢水影響，出流水MEA濃度累積，造成MEA及有機氮去除率下降至66 %及34 %，在試程五後期其去除率皆可恢復至90 %，在試程六廢水中特殊成分處理效果皆佳，故好氧不織布薄膜反應槽可有效處理TFT-LCD製程有機廢水。
應用掃描式電子顯微鏡，觀測好氧污泥之微生物菌體型態變化，可發現整個試程中以桿菌及球菌為主。並進一步使用分子生物技術，建立處理TFT-LCD製程有機廢水分解菌之生態，其中以操作第461天之懸浮污泥進行16S rDNA基因選殖實驗，將84個不同菌落經RFLP篩選後可辨識出27個不同相對位置的條帶，將篩選到菌落出現比例最高者作定序分析，其中包含DMSO分解菌及TMAH分解菌，DMSO分解菌以Hyphomicrobium denitrifican及Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii佔系統中36 %為最大菌屬，亦分析到Rhodobacter sp.佔6 %；TMAH分解菌以Paracoccus sp.佔12 %及Methyloversatilis universalis佔6 %，故可知反應槽內主要菌群為DMSO及TMAH分解菌。
另外以T-RFLP分生檢測技術，應用於偵測TFT-LCD處理系統中好氧硝化菌，分析各試程中硝化菌之分佈情況，發現反應槽操作期間均可測到氨氧化菌及亞硝酸氧化菌的存在，初期N-MBR植種某TFT-LCD製程廢水廠污泥，其原生菌為Nitrosomona oligotropha，發現在190天之後N.oligotropha逐漸消減，優勢族群變成Nitrosomonas europaea，至413天時氨氧化菌生態則由N. europaea轉換成以Nitrosomonas commuins或N. marina 為優勢，但於MEA去除率受現場廢水影響後(第531天)，轉變以Nitrosospira為主要優勢族群。而所有試程中亞硝酸氧化菌Nitrobacter 和 Nitrospira皆存在。可見以分子生物方式監測硝化菌比起傳統方式更能明確了解硝化菌菌相變化。

Progress in thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufacturing industry is promising in Taiwan. Nowadays the mass production of TFT-LCD in Taiwan is in the second place of the world, following Korea. The Taiwanese production value will reach one trillion NT dollars in the near future. However, the LCD manufacturing wastewater will also increase to approximately 200000 m3/day. Characterization analysis of TFT-LCD manufacturing wastewater discharged from two plants was conducted. It is found that the ratio of organic nitrogen to organic carbon in the wastewater is relatively high(>0.05). The main components of the wastewater comprise stripper (DMSO&MEA), developer (TMAH) and chelating agents.
In this study, the performance and the ecology of microorganisms in aerobic Non-woven Membrane Bioreactor (N-MBR) is discussed. Six runs with different loading are conducted, including synthetic substrate and in-site TFT-LCD manufacturing wastewater. Aerobic N-MBR achieved good removal efficiency for DMSO、MEA and TMAH. From Run I to Run IV, 80 % ~ 90 % of COD, TOC and 75 % ~ 95 % of Org-N are removed by aerobic N-MBR. At the beginning of Run V, MEA degrading bacteria is affect by the addition of in-site TFT-LCD manufacturing wasterwater. The removel percentage of MEA and Org-N is 66% and 34% respectively. At the end of Run V, both removel rate return to 90%. During Run VI, the treatment of the specific components is well performed. N-MBR can treat TFT-LCD manufacturing wastewater effectively.
According to the observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM), coccus and bacillus are the main population in N-MBR through the whole operational period. Molecular biotechnology is also used for clarifying the ecology of TFT-LCD manufacturing wastewater degrading microorganism. Cloning library was conducted for the suspended sludge taken at day 461. Base on cloning-sequence anaysis from 84 clones, the population percentage of DMSO-degrading microorganism Hyphomicrobium denitrificans and Rhodobacter sp. were 31%, and 6%. In addition, TMAH-degrading microorganism Paracoccus sp. and Methyloversatilis universalis were 12 %, and 6 %, respectively.
Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was modified and developed for the identification of nitrifying bacteria in TFT-LCD wastewater treatment system. Aerobic N-MBR fingerprint of bacterial species could be expressed from the T.RFLP diagram. Several species of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were identified based on the genetic database. According to T-RFLP results, Nitrosomonas europaea was the dominant AOB in N-MBR after day 190. At day 413, Nitrosomonas commuins or N. marina became the dominant AOB in N-MBR. After the removal rate of MEA is affected by in-site wastewater (day 531), the domaint AOB shifted to Nitrosospira genus. For NOB, Nitrobacter and Nitrospira existed in the whole operational period.

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