| 研究生: |
蓋啟聖 Ge, Chi-Sheng |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
IEEE 802.16e中上鏈排程對於VoIP效能的影響 The Effects of Uplink Scheduling on VoIP Performance in IEEE 802.16e |
| 指導教授: |
陳文字
Chen, Wen-Tzu |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 電信管理研究所 Institute of Telecommunications Management |
| 論文出版年: | 2007 |
| 畢業學年度: | 95 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 46 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 語音品質 、分時多工 、網路電話 、全球互通微波存取 、最後一哩 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Quality of speech, VoIP, last mile, WiMAX, TDMA |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:80 下載:1 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
近來全球互通微波存取WiMAX 被視為未來的第四代通訊技術,且其高速的傳輸速度及快速的移動能力,被認為可以取代最後ㄧ哩的技術。在本研究當中,我們利用網路模擬工具,在無線對有線的網路環境架構下,分別將網路電話及其他資料傳輸放置在同一個行動台或不同行動台,來評估網路電話的語音品質受到其他資料傳輸的影響程度。在語音模型部分,將採用發話受話之間隔都是遵從指數分配的模型,網路電話的語音編碼技術,我們使用G.729。而在資料模型當中,主要是利用TCP傳送WEB或是FTP封包,UDP傳送MPEG封包。除此之外,無線網路傳輸所產生的封包遺失狀況,則是採用Gilbert Model去模擬此行為。
在本研究中,我們試圖去瞭解不同的資料傳輸模型對網路電話的影響程度,且去分析在兩種不同配置頻寬的方式之間的差異。在語音衡量的指標上,我們採用國際電信組織ITU-T所制定的平均意見分數法(MOS)及E-MODEL。前者是利用透過多位不同的受話測試者聆聽些許聲音片段下,來給予主觀的評分,以用來鑑別網路電話語音品質的好壞。而後者則是透過計算網路電話傳輸語音的過程中若干因素對聲音品質的負面綜合參數,來評估該通話的語音品質。由於在IEEE 802.16e中,其下鏈是採用廣播的方式來傳輸封包,上鏈則是利用分時多工的方式來分配時槽進行資料傳輸,因此上鏈較有研究價值,所以本研究就針對上鏈的語音傳輸做分析。
Recent Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is viewed as the fourth generation communication technique. Its high speed transmission and fast mobility are thought to be the feasible technology to replace the last mile. In the thesis, we evaluate the quality of speech over a wired-cum-wireless scenario in the present of both voice and different data flows in the same SS or different SSs separately. Voice traffic is modeled by a silence period and a spurt period, both are exponential distributed, and the codec of VoIP is G.729. Data models mainly depend on TCP to transmit WEB or FTP packets, and we use Gilbert Model to simulate the error model for wireless channel.
In this thesis, we want to understand the quality of service in the present of both voice and different data flows, and to analyze different methods of grant bandwidth. In order to measure voice quality, we select mean opinion score (MOS) and E-model recommended by International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). In the MOS model, the users who have listened to some sample voice segments give subjective scores for speech quality. Then, the scores are averaged to get the value of MOS. In the E-model, the evaluation of call quality is calculated from some key parameters including several negative factors, such as delay and packet loss. Based on the two evaluation methods, we study the influence of data traffic on quality of VoIP over wireless MAN. In IEEE 802.16e, the packet is transmitted by broadcast in downlink and the packet is transmitted by TDMA in uplink. Because of the uplink is valuable to study, this research focuses on uplink.
[1] IEEE Std 802.16.2-2001,” IEEE recommended practice for local and Metropolitan area networks coexistence of fixed broadband wireless access systems.” 10 Sept. 2001
[2] IEEE Std 802.16.2-2004 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.16.2-2001),” IEEE recommended practice for local and metropolitan area networks. Coexistence of fixed broadband wireless access systems” 17 March 2004
[3] IEEE Std 802.16e-2005 and IEEE Std 802.16-2004/Cor 1-2005 (Amendment and Corrigendum to IEEE Std 802.16-2004),” IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands and Corrigendum 1.”1 Octo. 2004
[4] H. Lee, T. Kwon, D.-H. Cho, "An Enhanced Uplink Scheduling Algorithm Based on Voice Activity for VoIP Services in IEEE 802.16d/e System," IEEE Communications Letters, pp. 216-218, Aug. 2005.
[5] S.-E. Hong and O.-H. Kwon “Considerations for VoIP Services in IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Systems” 2006
[6] H. Lee, T. Kwon, D.-H. Cho, G. Limt and Y. Changt “Performance Analysis of Scheduling Algorithms for VoIP Services in IEEE 802.16e Systems” 2006
[7] S. Garg and M. Kappes, “An experiment Study of Throughput for UDP and VoIP Traffic in IEEE 802.11b Networks”, IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking (WCNC), vil. 3 , Mar.2003, pp. 1748-1753
[8] ITU-T Rec. G.114,”One-way Transmission Time”, Feb. 1996.
[9] H. Knoche and H. de Meer, “Quantitative QoS-Mapping: A Unifying Approach” proc. 5th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQOS’97), May 1997, pp.347-358.
[10] ITU-T Rec. P.800, “Methods for subjective Determination of Transmission Quality”, Aug. 1996.
[11] N. O. Johannesson, “The EISI computation Model: A Tool for Transmission Planning of Telephone Networks”, IEEE communication Magazine, val.35, issue1, Jan. 1997,pp. 70-79
[12] ITU-T Recommendation G.107, “The E-Model, a computational model for use in transmission planning”, December 1998.
[13] Galiotos, P.; Dagiuklas, T.; Arkadianos, D., “QoS management for an enhanced VoIP platform using R-factor and network load estimation functionality”, High Speed Networks and Multimedia Communications 5th IEEE International Conference, July 2002 Page(s):305 - 314
[14] R.-G. Cole and J.-H. Rosenbluth, “Voice over IP performance monitoring”, Computer Communication Review, vol. 31, no. 2, 2001, pp. 9-24.
[15] H. Zhang, L. Xie, J. Byun, and C. Shim,“Packet loss burstiness and enhancement to the E-Model”, Software ngineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing, 2005 and First ACIS International Workshop on Self-Assembling Wireless Networks. SNPD/SAWN 2005. Sixth International Conference ,May 2005 Page(s):214 - 219
[16] L. Ding and R.-A. Goubran, “Speech Quality Prediction in VoIP Using the Extended E-Model”, Global Telecommunications Conference, 2003, Dec. 2003 Page(s):3974 - 3978 vol.7
[17] ITU-T Rec. G.113, “Provisional Planning Values for Equipment Impairment Factor Ie, wb” Feb. 2001
[18] S. Tao, K. Xu, A. Estepa, T. Fei, “Improving VoIP Quality Through Path Switchlng”, INFOCOM 2005, March 2005 Page(s):2268 - 2278 vol. 4
[19] M. Molina, P. Castelli, and G. Foddis, CSELT, “Web Traffic Modeling Exploiting TCP Connections’Temporal Clustering through HTML-REDUCE”, IEEE Network May/June 2000
[20] C. Cicconetti, A. Erta, L. Lenzini, and E. Mingozzi, “Performance Evaluation of the
IEEE 802.16 MAC for QoS Support”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL. 6, NO. 1, JAN. 2007
[21] H.-K. Choi and J. -O. Limb, “A Behavioral Model of Web Traffic”, IEEE
[22] E. Casilari, A. Reyes-Lecuona, F.J. González, A. Díaz-Estrella and F. Sandoval, “Characterisation of Web Traffic”, IEEE 2001
[23] M. veeraraghavan, N. Cocker, and T. Moor, “Support of Voice Services in IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs”, in proc IEEE INDCOM. , vol. 1, Apr. 2001,pp2488-497
[24] Sriam and W. whitt, “Characterizing Superposing Arrival Processes and the Performance of Multiplexers for Voice and Data”, IEEE J. Slect. Areas Commun.,vol. SAC-4. no. 6, Sept. 1986, pp.833-846.
[25] ITU-T Rec. P.59, “Artificial Conversational Speech” Mar. 1993
[26] D-Y Chen, S. Garg, M. Kappes, and K. S. Trivedi, “Supporting VBR VoIP Traffic in IEEE 802.11 WLAN in PCF mode” In proceedings of OPNET Work, Washing D.C., Aug. 2002, pp.1-6
[27] N. Becerra Yoma, C. Busso and I. Soto, “Packet-loss modeling in IP networks with
state-duration constraints”, IEEE Proc.-Commun., Vol. 152, No. 1, February 2005
[28] Kin K. Leung, S. Mukherjee and George E. Rittenhouse, “Mobility Support for IEEE 802.16d Wireless Networks”, IEEE Communications Society / WCNC 2005
[29] J. Richiardiy, J. Fierrez-Aguilarz, J. Ortega-Garcia, “On-line signature verification resilience to packet loss in IP networks”, 2nd COST 275 Workshop - Biometrics on the Internet Vigo, 25-26 March 2004