蝦類養殖產業在亞洲是重要的經濟活動，但是由於病毒性疾病的影響，在過去20年內造成嚴重的經濟損失；其中又以白點症病毒影響最為嚴重。為了能夠解決病毒性疾病對養蝦產業所造成的威脅，了解宿主和病原體之間的關係是相當重要的。Wang等科學家利用二維蛋白質電泳技術分析感染前後草蝦體內蛋白質表現量的變化。許多蛋白質在病毒感染後，表現量上有顯著差異，其中14-3-3蛋白，在兩種蝦類病毒(白點症病毒和套拉症病毒)感染狀況下，表現量均有上升的現象。14-3-3存在於所有的真核生物當中，為一保守性高的分子。在生物體內會結合形成雙體調控許多訊號傳遞路徑。本研究中主要研究白蝦的14-3-3分子在白點症病毒感染時所扮演的功能。從白蝦選殖出來的14-3-3的分子開放轉譯區由741個核苷酸所組成，可轉譯出246個胺基酸。演化分析結果顯示三種對蝦類的14-3-3在無脊椎動物中可以獨立成為一個次亞群。Lv14-3-3在白蝦所有組織均有表現，而根據間接免疫螢光染色，Lv14-3-3主要存在於細胞質當中，細胞核則有少量Lv14-3-3存在。在白點症病毒感染之下，Lv14-3-3的基因和蛋白質表現量均有上升的現象。Lv14-3-3上具有可以被其他分子磷酸化的磷酸位，我們觀察到在病毒感染後，Ser-58磷酸位磷酸化的現象有上升的趨勢；Ser-58磷酸位可以被蛋白質激酶(protein kinase)磷酸化。科學家發現，14-3-3分子磷酸化與否會造成14-3-3構型改變，也間接改變14-3-3對於其他分子的親和性。因此在白點症病毒感染的情況下， 蛋白質激酶將Lv14-3-3磷酸化，會使得Lv14-3-3的親和性改變，驅使細胞走向受到病毒感染時的生理反應。若更進一步的研究相關機制將可釐清Lv14-3-3在受到病毒感染之時，在宿主體內所扮演的角色，以及是否和白點症病毒的複製有關。在詳細了解機制後便有機會可以設計出抗病毒的藥物來降低疾病所造成的損失。

In Asia, shrimp culture is an important industry. Over the last two decades, however, outbreaks of viral diseases have led to devastating financial loss. One such disease, white spot syndrome (WSS), is caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In order to develop disease prevention strategies it is important to understand host-pathogen interactions. These are poorly known in WSSV. One line of research focuses on shrimp proteins that respond to infection. These proteins are identified, selected and their function is investigated. Previous research using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) found that one such protein, 14-3-3, was up-regulated in two shrimp viral diseases (WSS and Taura syndrome). This is a highly conserved protein, found in all eukaryotic organisms. It functions as a helical dimer for the regulation of many signal transduction pathways. In this study, the 14-3-3 unique to Litopenaeus vannamei was identified and its function during WSSV infection was explored. This protein, named Lv14-3-3, is comprised of a 741-bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 246 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis found that all 3 known shrimp 14-3-3s formed a distinct subclade within the invertebrate clade. Lv14-3-3 mRNA expression was found in most shrimp tissue. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that it was primarily found in the cytoplasm of the cell, rather than in nuclei. After WSSV infection, mRNA and protein expression levels increased. Lv14-3-3 was activated through phosphorylation by protein kinase, previous studies showed that protein kinase phosphorylated 14-3-3 alters subsequent signal responses because of a change of binding affinity between 14-3-3 and its ligands. It is therefore possible that WSSV triggers a signal transduction mechanism. Lv14-3-3 therefore acts as an adapter protein which triggers subsequent responses during WSS infection. Further research could identify specific 14-3-3 host responses and identify key host cellular factors which support the WSSV lifecycle within host cells. Such cellular factors offer hope for the design of anti-WSSV drugs.

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