一般人大部分時間均處於室內場所，所以室內空氣污染物與人體健康的關係更為密切。過去研究發現常用的建築材料會逸散出大量的甲醛及VOCs；在VOCs成分上則以Toluene、m,p-Xylene為最常見。本研究主要目的為利用小型環境控制箱，針對居家環境常見之室內建材，包含木地板、木心板及水泥漆、調和漆進行VOCs及甲醛逸散研究，並建立一套適合國內建材之有機物質逸散標準檢測分析方法。
本研究主要參考美國ASTM 5116-97標準方法，建構小型環境控制箱；各項環境參數分別設定如下：溫度25℃、相對溼度50﹪及換氣率為0.5 ACH。乾式建材如木地板及木心板進行甲醛及VOCs (Benzene、Toluene、Ethylbenzene、Xylene) 的量測；濕式建材如水泥漆、調和漆則進行VOCs測試。VOCs是以含Carbotrap及Carboxen1000/1003三種不同吸附劑之吸附管予以定流量捕集濃縮，經熱脫附裝置熱脫附後注入氣相層析儀/火焰離子偵測器（GC/FID），進行定量分析；甲醛則以含10% hydroxymethyl piperidine處理之XAD-2管進行採樣及衍生化後，經甲苯脫附後以氣相層析儀/火焰離子偵測器（GC/FID）進行分析；VOCs及甲醛定量結果再利用First order model計算其衰減速率。每種建材進行連續監測48小時，以了解VOCs及甲醛之逸散率時序變化情形。
目前美國所訂定之室內空氣品質標準中，甲醛濃度不可超過100ppb，而TVOC則建議不可超過300μg/m3；各種建材VOCs及甲醛逸散量測結果顯示，木心板所逸散之甲醛於四小時內達到最高濃度( 751 ppb)，且於連續監測48小時後，其逸散濃度仍達119 ppb，已超過甲醛建議值100ppb；其最大逸散速率高達1.26 mg/ m2*h；TVOCs則於實驗進行3小時內逸散濃度達到487μg/m3，且於實驗進行9小時後其衰減濃度才會低於建議值300μg/m3；TVOC最大逸散速率達到590μg/m2*h。調和漆所逸散之VOCs其中苯濃度於實驗開始達到6mg/m3，並於26小時後衰減至0.02mg/m3；其逸散速率高達45mg/m2*h；TVOCs也於實驗進行30分鐘內達到最大逸散濃度99mg/m3，於48小時後則衰減至11.5mg/m3，遠高於300μg/m3；TVOCs逸散速率更高達1115 mg/ m2*h。木地板之甲醛於實驗進行8小時內達到最大逸散濃度107ppb，並於28小時後，甲醛濃度衰減至100ppb以下；水泥漆及木地板之TVOCs逸散濃度分別於1及1.5小時內達到最大值61及81μg/m3，於分析過程中均低於建議值300μg/m3。若以First-order model模擬木心板、木地板及調和漆等進行裝修室內空間(長、寬及高分別為3×3×2.5m)及辦公桌(長、寬及高分別為90×60×90 cm)，則甲醛及TVOC逸散濃度值更高達1905ppb 及171910 mg/m3，遠超過室內建議值；且苯濃度更高達591mg/m3。
木心板中甲醛及TVOC逸散濃度均超過美國室內空氣品質之建議值，並且用來裝修室內空間時於0.1ACH下甲醛濃度更高達1905ppb，對人體健康可能造成危害；因此未來因於製程中減少甲醛使用或用其它毒性較小的物質予以替代等方式以減少甲醛之逸散。調和漆各VOCs逸散濃度更高於其他分析建材，且有苯之逸散，對於人體會產生致癌效應；而分析過程中，水泥漆TVOCs逸散濃度均低於建議值300μg/m3，因此未來在進行室內空間裝修時，也建議以水泥漆代替調和漆之使用，以改善室內空氣品質，增進人員健康。目前台灣地區對於室內空氣品質及建材中揮發性有機物質及甲醛之逸散並無詳加規範，未來也因透過法令規定以維護室內空氣品質及國人之健康。

People spend the majority of their time indoors, and concentrations and characteristics of indoor pollutants are therefore posing greater risk affecting human health. Many studies have demonstrated that large amount of formaldehyde and VOCs can emit from commonly used building materials. The most frequently isolated VOCs were Toluene and m,p-Xylene, The main point in this research is using small chamber to measure the emission rate of VOCs and formaldehyde for the building interior materials, and to establish a domestic standard of test method.
In this study, a small environmental chamber and sampling /analysis system refer to the standard method D5116-97 of U.S ASTM was set up for the testing of VOCs and formaldehyde emission rates of building materials. The environmental conditions of the chamber were set as 25±0.5℃, 50±2﹪, and 0.5 ACH. Four materials were selected to evaluate: (1)wood-based panels (2)wood-based floors (3)water-base paint (4)latex paint. VOCs were sampled on stainless steel tubes with Carbotrap and Carboxen1000/1003, and were desorbed with thermal desorption and analyzed by GC/FID. Formaldehyde was sampled on glass tube with XAD-2, and desorbed with toluene. Analysis and quantification was by GC/FID.
At present, the government in USA has recommended an indoor air quality goal for formaldehyde of 100 ppb and for TVOC of 300μg/m3. For wood-based panels, the highest emission concentration of formaldehyde was 751 ppb at 4 hours after the test beginning. After 48 hours, it decreased to 119 ppb and still over the 80ppb. The highest emission rate of formaldehyde was 1.26 mg/ m2*h. Besides, the highest emission concentration of TVOCs was 487 μg/m3, and below 300μg/m3 after 9 hours .The highest emission rate of TVOCs was 590μg/m2*h. The emission rate for latex paint was the highest from others. Benzene was detected and the highest emission concentration was 6mg/m3 at 30 min after the test beginning. The highest emission rate of TVOCs was 1115 mg/m2*h. For wood-based floor, the highest emission concentration of formaldehyde was 107 ppb at 8 hours after test beginning, and it was below 100 ppb after 28 hours. The highest emission concentration of TVOCs for wood-based floor and water-based paint were below 300μg/m3. When using the wood-based panels , wood-based flooring and latex paint to decorate the environment (length, width and high is 3×3×2.5 m) and office table(length, width and high is 90×60×90 cm), the highest concentration of formaldehyde and TVOCs were 1905 ppb and 171910 mg/m3. The concentration of benzene was 591 mg/m3..
The concentration of formaldehyde and TVOCs of wood-based panel were over the recommends in USA. Using this type of wood-based panel to decorate, the concentration of formaldehyde was 1905 ppb. Furthermore, the emission rate for latex paint was the highest from others. We should use water-based paint to replace latex paint for prevention of indoor air pollution. Until now, we don’t have an indoor air quality goal for VOCs or formaldehyde. The result of our research will be basis of establishing the guild-lines of indoor environment quality and framing policies.

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