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研究生: 黃偉城
Huang, Wei-Cheng
論文名稱: 利用地面三維雷射掃瞄儀研究斷層變形之可行性-2003年Mw6.5台東成功地震池上斷層之同震及震後變形
Fault Deformation Modeled by 3-D Ground-based Laser Scanner:Co- and Post-seismic deformation of the 2003 Mw6.5 Taitung Chengkung Earthquake in the Chishang Fault, Eastern Taiwan
指導教授: 饒瑞鈞
Rau, Ruey-Juin
曾清涼
Tzeng, Ching-Liang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 地球科學系
Department of Earth Sciences
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 73
中文關鍵詞: 同震位移衛星定位測量點雲2003年Mw6.5台東成功地震地面三維雷射掃瞄
外文關鍵詞: co-seismic, 2003 Mw6.5 Taitung Chengkung Earthquake, point cloud, 3-D Ground-based Laser Scanner, GPS
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  •   本研究利用先進的地面三維雷射掃瞄技術,對實驗區域台東池上斷層-大坡國小地區,於2003年12月10日Mw 6.5台東成功地震前後進行四次的掃瞄(2003年8月至2004年5月間),藉以建立斷層帶的地表模型,並研究使用該項技術應用於斷層變形監測的成效,並分析2003年Mw 6.5台東成功地震同震、震後的位移情形;另於第四次掃瞄中配合使用衛星定位測量技術,將掃瞄所得點雲資料與地面坐標系結合,嘗試作為大區域近斷層帶變形監測的方法。

      依照地面三維雷射掃瞄所得的成果,使用這項技術應用於斷層變形監測,其觀測精度約為9 mm,對於地殼變動快速(~2 cm/yr)的斷層帶地區實為一項可行性的方法;而在地震同震及震後位移上,台東成功地震對池上斷層-台東大坡國小地區上盤所產生的同震位移水平方向約由東南朝西北方向位移2.8~6.8 cm,高程抬昇3 cm。在震後位移方面,震後2個月內,水平方向上盤同樣由東南朝西北方向位移約3 cm,高程抬昇1.5 cm;至震後2~5個月間,則僅水平方向位移約2 cm。此研究成果顯示:台東成功地震在池上斷層呈現顯著之震後無震潛移。

      The primary goal of this study is to test the feasibility of using 3-D ground-based laser scanner to build the crustal deformation model near fault zones. Main results of four scanning tests were carried out at the Da-Po elementary school on the Chishang fault, eastern Taiwan, from August 2003 to May 2004. This study further combines the new technology method to evaluate the fault deformation monitoring, and to analyze the displacement of co-seismic and post-seismic of the 2003 Mw6.5 Taitung Chengkung earthquake. In addition, with the use of GPS in the fourth scanning, this study tempts to combine the earth coordinate system with point cloud data obtained from the scanning as a trial method in monitoring the deformation of the fault zone.

      Results from the 3-D ground-based laser scan tests indicate three findings: first, it is a feasible technology method to detect the fault deformation with accuracy of ~9 mm. Second, for the hanging-wall displacement of co-seismic and post-seismic for the Taitung Chengkung earthquake, the horizontal direction displacement moving from southeast towards northwest is about 2.8~6.8 cm, while the vertical displacement is 3 cm. Third, regarding to the post-seismic displacement, the horizontal direction displacement moving from southeast towards northwest is about 3 cm with vertical displacement of 1.5 cm after 2 month, and horizontal displacement goes farther by 2 cm after the earthquake between 2-5 months. This study concludes that clear post-seismic creep is evidenced from the 2003 Taitung Chengkung earthquake on the Chishang fault.

    中文摘要........................ Ⅰ 英文摘要........................ Ⅱ 誌謝.......................... Ⅲ 目錄.......................... Ⅳ 表目錄......................... Ⅵ 圖目錄......................... Ⅶ 第一章 緒論...................... 1 §1-1 引言..................... 1 §1-2 區域地質................... 2   §1-3 地殼變形監測................. 5 §1-4 2003年台東成功地震 ............. 9 第二章 地面三維雷射掃瞄................ 12   §2-1 三維雷射掃瞄儀................ 12 §2-2 三維雷射掃瞄儀測量原理............ 14     §2-2-1 時間差量測法............... 14     §2-2-2 三角幾何法............... 15   §2-3 三維雷射掃瞄儀精度測試............ 17     §2-3-1 不同稜鏡角度測試............ 18     §2-3-2 不同掃瞄間距測試............ 20     §2-3-3 不同掃瞄角度與距離測試......... 22   §2-4 掃瞄儀坐標轉換................ 25     §2-4-1 測區假設坐標系統............ 26     §2-4-2  TWD97坐標系統............ 27 第三章 外業掃瞄與資料處理............... 28   §3-1 實驗場址................... 28   §3-2 實驗流程................... 29   §3-3 三維雷射掃瞄................. 30     §3-3-1 點雲資料接合模式............ 31     §3-3-2 點雲資料接合過程............ 32     §3-3-3 點雲資料接合成果............ 37     §3-3-4 不同時期點雲資料比對.......... 37   §3-4 衛星定位測量................. 39     §3-4-1 GPS測量原理.............. 39     §3-4-2 GPS外業測量.............. 41     §3-4-3 GPS資料處理與計算........... 38 第四章 成果分析.................... 45 §4-1 同一時期區域變形分析............. 45     §4-1-1 量測錯誤的點位............. 45     §4-1-2 第一、二次掃瞄成果比較......... 47     §4-1-3 第二、三次掃瞄成果比較......... 51     §4-1-4 第三、四次掃瞄成果比較......... 53 §4-2 同一區域時間序列變形分析........... 56     §4-2-1 Y方向時間序列變形分析......... 56     §4-2-2 Z方向時間序列變形分析......... 59   §4-3 應用GPS成果轉換點雲............. 62     §4-3-1 以GPS成果檢核點雲精度......... 62     §4-3-2 點雲轉換成果與GPS監測成果比較..... 64 第五章 討論與結論................... 67   §5-1 地面三維雷射掃瞄技術應用於斷層變形可行性評估. 67   §5-2 台東成功地震對實驗區的影響.......... 68 參考文獻........................ 70 自述.......................... 73

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