| 研究生: |
蕭文哲 Shiau, Wen-je |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
高錳酸鉀氧化TCE程序中二氧化錳生成之動力研究 Kinetic study of manganese dioxide formation in the permanganate oxidation of TCE in water |
| 指導教授: |
林財富
Lin, Tsair-Fuh |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 環境工程學系 Department of Environmental Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2007 |
| 畢業學年度: | 95 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 150 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 三氯乙烯 、氧化動力 、顆粒 、二氧化錳 、鈣離子 、高錳酸鉀 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Oxidation kinetics, TCE, MnO2, Particles, Calcium, Potassium permanganate |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:91 下載:1 |
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現地氧化技術(In-Situ Chemical Oxidation, ISCO)由於使用快速、方便、加上可以氧化DNAPL污染物,對於含氯碳氫化合物具有極大之處理潛力,但正面臨MnO2阻塞之問題。
本研究目的為探討高錳酸鉀(potassium permanganate)於室溫下氧化三氯乙烯之動力,以及氧化過程中,二氧化錳粒徑大小與質量生成之動力。實驗中TCE初始濃度設計為 0.38 mM,高錳酸鉀濃度為TCE之8倍及2倍,分別在四種環境條件下,包括︰(1)去離子水中; (2)磷酸鹽(34 mM)緩衝溶液(pH 6.6)中; (3)鈣離子(Ca2+=1.0 mM、0.1 mM)條件中,進行實驗。
實驗結果顯示,四種環境因子對TCE去除效率並沒有顯著差異,而磷酸緩衝鹽的添加於短時間內可以節省較多的高錳酸鉀,且並不會對TCE的去除率有負面的影響,且能有效控制pH。不攪拌與攪拌系統之粒徑增長速度相較,系統擾動將會加速顆粒生成及並增加生成顆粒之粒徑。
反應過程中,氯離子生成快速,顯示TCE副產物少,可以完全被降解。
二氧化錳粒徑分析動力實驗結果顯示,去離子水溶液中,於1天內之粒徑並無明顯差異。磷酸鹽系統中於短時間內有良好抑制固體顆粒生成之能力。添加鈣離子之系統,KMnO4/TCE =8添加鈣離子(0.1 mM)為各系統粒徑增大速率之最快者,而TCE濃度對系統達平衡之顆粒粒徑無明顯影響。
二氧化錳質量生成動力顯示,去離子水溶液中,高錳酸鉀之濃度於短時間無造成顯著影響,但隨著時間之進行,將對固體顆粒之濃度造成影響。磷酸鹽於短時間內有良好抑制固體顆粒生成之能力,但長期而言,也會生成大顆粒之沉澱。添加鈣離子之系統,高濃度之KMnO4產生固體顆粒之濃度較高,生成動力較快,而降低TCE濃度對固體顆粒濃度有明顯降低之效果。
各系統中TCE降解如同文獻中所提,皆可以二階不可逆的動力模式描述,於去離子水及磷酸鹽溶液系統中,其二階反應速率常數非常接近,而鈣離子將會影響反應速率常數。本研究二階反應速率常數值介於1.7-3.8 (mol-1Ls-1),較文獻值略高。動力模式可以模擬於TCE部分可以準確描述;然而於KMnO4部分,僅可以模擬前段反應時間,模式無法模擬後半段之反應時間。
The technology (In-Situ Chemical Oxidation , ISCO ) to uses fast , conveniently , in addition, can oxidize DNAPL pollutant , as to the thing that the chloride hydrocarbon has great treatment potentiality, but is facing MnO2 clogged problem.
This study is to investigate the reaction kinetics of TCE with potassium permanganate, and the size and mass formation kinetics of manganese dioxide (MnO2) particles during the oxidation processes. A TCE concentration of 0.38 mM, and permanganate concentrations of 2 and 8 times to TCE concentration were used in the experiments. To account for the effect of solution matrix on the TCE oxidation and MnO2 formation, the experiments were conducted in deionized (DI) water, phosphate-buffered solution (0.034 M) of pH 6.6, and the solution with the presence of calcium at 1.0 mM and 0.1 mM.
The experimental results show that the solution matrix did not have strong impact on the degradation of TCE. However, the degradation of permanganate in phosphate solution was much slower, even though the degradation of TCE was similar to three other cases. Agitation of the solution was found to speed up the formation kinetics as well as particles sizes of MnO2. In monitoring the formation of chloride during the oxidation processes, the recovery was very close to 100% by assuming all the TCE was oxidized. This may indicate that most of the TCE was degreased very fast. The kinetics of MnO2 generation indicated that all the particles were formed in one day for the de-ionized water system, with mean particles size ~ 0.1 m. For the phosphate solution system, particles were not formed until 8 hours to 1 day, depending on the permanganate/TCE (P/T) ratios. For the solution with calcium, the sizes of MnO2 particles grew most rapidly. In addition, TCE concentration did not affect particle size much.
The formation kinetics of MnO2 mass shows that, in the de-ionized water solution, the permanganate concentration did not affect MnO2 mass concentration in short time. However, higher concentration of permanganate may produce higher concentration of MnO2 mass. In the phosphate system, although the formation of MnO2 particles were inhibited at short time, the mass of solid MnO2 was similar to that for other systems at time > 14 days. With the presence of calcium, MnO2 mass level increased much more rapid than all the other systems. In addition, lower TCE concentration may result lower particle mass of MnO2. .
As suggested in the literature, all the TCE degradation in this study may be simulated by an irreversible second order reaction kinetics. The rate constants were between 1.7 and 3.8 mol-1Ls-1, which are in the same order of those reported in the literature. Although the kinetic models describe the degradation of TCE very well, only the first portion of permanganate degradation followed the model, and more accurate models need to be developed for simulating the permanganate concentration change in the oxidation processes.
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