在都會區或建物較為密集的地區，深開挖工程可能引致的地表沉陷或鄰近結構物之變位備受重視，傳統方法在預測時多仰賴經驗公式，在監測上佈設量測儀器則有觀測範圍侷限的缺點。本研究探討有限元素模擬與攝影測量法應用於深開挖工程的可行性，以臺南鐵路地下化工程為例，使用有限元素軟體進行數值分析，而由於鑽探資料未提供土壤彈性模數，分析時將假設不同楊氏模數進行討論，並考量擋土結構物的勁度折減情形，初步探討鄰近此開挖工程的建築物是否有安全疑慮，最後再以航空攝影結合影像處理技術進行地表沉陷量判讀之可行性研究。
研究結果顯示，在採取不同砂土楊氏模數與勁度折減條件下，目標建築物在模擬後之差異沉陷量或角變量的評估中，處於安全建議值範圍內；另一方面，本研究探討無人飛行載具搭配攝影測量方法由不同時期的合成影像分析地表變位量，結果指出在沒有設置控制點的情況下，將會導致欲比對的影像無法完全疊合，使高程差產生不合理數值，反之，若有設置控制點，則能將誤差明顯由公尺級改善至公分級。

Deep excavations in urban area have the potential to cause unfavorite effects to nearby structures due to wall deformation and ground settlement. In general, the prediction before excavations and the monitoring during excavations were addressed by empirical formulas and traditional survey techniques, respectively. Problems in these approaches for the safety assessment of a deep excavation are full of uncertain, vague, and incomplete information. To fill the gap, this study test two advanced approaches, including three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry technique, for preliminary evaluating the safety of the building near the deep excavation of Tainan underground railway project. Due to the lack of the project information, this study established FEA model based on adjacent cases and empirical formulas According to the FEA results, the differential settlement and the angular distortion were within the safety range of the construction guideline during the excavation. On the other hand, by comparing the multi-temporal UAV-based digital surface model (DSM), the UAV-photogrammetry was demonstrated to be feasible for observing ground settlement at the site scale. The results show that the control points played an important role in the UAV-based observation. The accuracy of the measured ground settlement could be improved from meter-scale to centimeter-scale after setting the control points in field.

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