研究生: |
龔聘惠 Gunng, Ping-Hui |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
社區老人社會網絡與社會支持之研究-以參與台南市啟智社區與沙灘社區推動的社區照顧服務活動的老人為例 The Research on Social Network and Social Support of the Community for the Elderly-A Case Study of the Community Elderly care in the Chi-Jhih and Sha-Tan Community in Tainan, Taiwan |
指導教授: |
陳世明
Chen, Shih-ming 陳麗光 Chen, Li-Kuang |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
醫學院 - 老年學研究所 Institute of Gerontology |
論文出版年: | 2013 |
畢業學年度: | 101 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 138 |
中文關鍵詞: | 社區組織 、社會網絡 、社會支持 、社區照顧服務 |
外文關鍵詞: | community organizations, social networks, social support, community care services |
相關次數: | 點閱:86 下載:13 |
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在高齡化社會的快速變遷之下,帶來生活型態、家庭結構的轉變以及社會結構的改變,使得原本由家人來照顧支持老人平日生活越來越不易做到。而老人會因身體機能逐漸弱化,致使行動範圍逐漸縮小,致使原本在職場以及社交等的社會網絡逐漸減少。因此,如何在社區內行動可及的範圍保有熟識者的社會網絡,以獲得老人所需的社會支持? 是高齡社會在地老化的重要議題。另一方面,近年來政府因應高齡社會,推動餐食提供、量血壓、健康講座、健康促進、關懷問安等老人所需的社區照顧服務。藉由老人參與社區照顧服務,應可對老人在社區內的社會網絡與社會支持的發展有直接的助益。
本研究乃以台南市參與社區照顧服務較為穩定的兩個社區為對象,以立意取樣方式,各取參與照顧服務的65歲以上老人30位,進行問卷調查。藉此掌握1)參與社區照顧服務的社區老人所認識的熟識者的特質;2)社區照顧服務活動的特質;3)社區老人參與社區照顧服務社會支持獲得的特質,以做為社區組織推動老人社區照顧服務時的參考。
藉此研究可發現:兩社區的社區照顧服務活動具有每週固定時段持續舉辨以及非單一活動內容的特質。參與社區照顧服務活動的所有老人均認為,社區照顧活動的參與對老人外出意願的提升有直接的幫助。這些參與社區照顧服務活動的大部分老人有多位的熟識者,特別是獨居者以及與配偶同住者(包括白天是獨居者以及與配偶同住者)亦然。約有一半的老人沒有參與其他社群活動而僅參與該社區舉辦的照顧活動,此類老人沒有別的社群互動的機會,然而藉此社區照顧相關活動卻能獲得與多位熟識者互動的機會。而兩社區的老人與大部分的熟識者是參與此照顧活動前就認識的朋友,此社區照顧活動提供老人與所認識的朋友持續互動的機會,在彼此間社會網絡的維持或強化上具正面的助益。同時亦發現熟識者是社區領袖與志工身分者占一定程度的比例,社區領袖與志工作為老人熟識者時,可期待對老人社會支持的獲得有較積極的助益。此外,在社會支持獲得方面,老人在工具性社會支持較低,情感性、訊息與情緒性以及社會互動性社會支持相對較高。
目前在提供老人社區照顧服務時,社區組織(與公部門的評鑑)主要是集中在活動本身所設定的(單一直接的)目標的成效。但是在思考未來在地老化的發展時,藉由老人參與社區照顧服務來建立老人社區內更豐富的社會網絡,以帶動更豐富的社會支持,是在地老化實踐的重要的關鍵之一。未來無論什麼形式內容的社區老人照顧服務,是需要同時關注老人在參與過程中社會網絡的形成狀況。甚至除主要目的服務內容外,應朝「可促成老人社會網絡形成」的複合式與持續式服務內容思考規劃,以對老人社區內社會網絡的形成有更直接有效的助益。未來包括提高社區領袖與志工做為老人的熟識者對象的積極角色的認知、強化社區老人工具性支持的相關服務等,均是未來在地老化實踐中,藉由社區組織參與老人照顧服務,發展老人的社區內社會網絡與社會支持時,社區組織本身以及公部門重要的參考依據。
The aging society brings about rapid changes in lifestyle, family structure and the structure of society. This makes it uneasy to take care of the daily life of the aged by a full support of their family. The elderly gradually weaken due to bodily functions, causing narrowing of the scope of action, resulting in the original social networks gradually decrease in the workplace as well as on social occasions. Therefore, how the elderly retain familiar social network in the community to get the social support is an important issue of an aging society. On the other hand, in recent years, in response to an aging society, the authorities have promoted some programs such as free meal providing, blood pressure measuring, health talks, health promotion, care greetings activities and other community care services required for the elderly. By participating in community care services for the elderly, there should be the elderly in social networks and the development of social support.
This study makes use of two communities as research objects, which stably participate in community-care services in Tainan .By the way of purposive sampling, each community chooses 30 elderly whose age are over 65 to conduct a questionnaire survey.
The purpose of this study is to achieve the following targets: First, the characteristics of the acquaintances of the elderly participating in community care services. Secondly, the qualities of the active participation of community care services. Thirdly, the qualities of the social support for the elderly participating in community care services programs. To sum up, the purpose of this study is to provide reference for the government-related organizations to promote community care services for the elderly, and to develop the programs toward the combination of pluralism and diversity during execution and implementation.
Observing from the study, we can find that two communities continually hold weekly-session activities and these activities are identified as those with non-unitary character. Those who participate in the activities of community care services all agree that this care service may enhance the aged to go out of their houses. These elderly will be therefore familiar with a number of people, particularly those living alone and living with their spouse. About half of the elderly are not involved in other community activities except the community care activities. The former do not have the opportunity to interact with other communities except the activities mentioned above. However, they are able to interact with a number of people through community care-related activities. The community care activities for the elderly make the acquaintances continuously interact with one another and have a positive effect on strengthening social networks. The study also shows that volunteers accounted for a stable proportion to some extent and we can expect to get social support for the elderly. In addition, in the aspect of social support, the instrumental social support for the elderly is low while access to the social support of affection, information and emotion is high. The social interaction is also relatively high.
Currently in providing community care services, community-based organizations (and public sector evaluation) was mainly focused on the activity-set target results (single direct). However, in thinking about the future development of local aging communities, the elderly participation in community care services will be the key to create richer social networks to motivate more social support. No matter what form of content for the future elderly community care services, we ought to concern about the formation process of elderly social network. Besides the main-purpose service, we should even develop toward “the formation of multiple and consecutive elderly social network”. Future efforts will include offering familiar community volunteers for the elderly as active role object recognition; strengthen the instrumental-related community support services for the elderly, and so on. The future efforts will include motivating the acknowledgement of the community volunteers whom they are familiar with as active role object recognition, strengthen community support for the elderly instrumental-related services, and so on. Through community-based organizations’ involving in care service activities for the elderly, community-based organizations will offer the public sector the important reference in the future local aging practice.
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