簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 洪銘凱
Hong, Ming-Kai
論文名稱: 針對過度包裝現象的禮品包裝永續評價量表開發
Development of a Sustainable Evaluation Scale for Gift Packaging Addressing on Over-Packaging Phenomenon
指導教授: 劉說芳
Liu, Shuo-Fang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 規劃與設計學院 - 工業設計學系
Department of Industrial Design
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 103
中文關鍵詞: 過度包裝禮品包裝評價量表品質機能展開層級分析法
外文關鍵詞: over-packaging, gift packaging, evaluation scale, quality function development, analytic hierarchy process
相關次數: 點閱:150下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 鑑於目前過度包裝現象層出不窮,不僅對環境造成嚴重影響,還增加了消費者的開支,降低了產品價值。本研究旨在發展一個簡易的禮品包裝永續評價量表,以幫助企業和消費者更好地瞭解包裝的特性和價值,從而避免過度包裝現象的發生。通過層級分析法建立了一個多層次的評價體系,包括材料運用、結構設計、附加物、回收與重複利用以及使用體驗等方面的指標。再基於評價體系,運用品質機能展開法進行評價量表的開發,其中結合了廠商、收禮者和送禮者的觀點。本研究也設計了一款網頁版評價系統的前端原型,透過量表填寫,網頁可以將這些評價點量化為直觀的數據,能夠更加深入直觀地分析目標包裝。此外,還進行了實際案例的應用,實驗結果表明,該量表可以展現禮品包裝的過度情況,比較不同包裝之間的永續性差異。因此可以幫助消費者和企業更準確地評估禮品包裝的特性和價值,並提供更好的決策支持。本研究的量表相對於其他評價量表而言更加直觀,可以幫助廠商快速找出過度的源頭,通過設計改善產品,同時可以幫助送禮者挑選更具永續性的產品。

    Given the incessant occurrence of over-packaging, which not only has a severe impact on the environment but also increases consumer expenses while diminishing the value of products, this study aims to develop a simplified sustainable evaluation scale for gift packaging. The scale aims to assist businesses and consumers in better understanding the characteristics and value of packaging, thereby avoiding instances of over-packaging. This study employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to establish a multi-level evaluation system, encompassing indicators such as material utilization, structural design, additives, recycling and reuse, and user experience. The development of the evaluation scale was based on the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method, incorporating the perspectives of manufacturers, gift recipients, and gift givers. Furthermore, a prototype of a web-based evaluation system was designed in this study. Through the completion of the scale, the web page quantifies these evaluation points into intuitive data, allowing for a more in-depth and intuitive analysis of target packaging. Additionally, practical applications were conducted in this study, and the experimental results demonstrated that the scale could reveal the extent of over-packaging and compare the sustainability differences among various packaging options. Therefore, it can assist consumers and businesses in more accurately assessing the characteristics and value of gift packaging, providing better decision-making support. Compared to other evaluation scales, this study's scale is more intuitive, aiding manufacturers in quickly identifying the sources of excess and improving products through design enhancements. Simultaneously, it can assist gift givers in selecting more sustainable products.

    摘要 i SUMMARY ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Research Purpose 2 1.3 Research Constraints 3 1.4 Research Framework 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Packaging 5 2.1.1 Function of Packaging 5 2.1.2 Classification of Packaging 5 2.2 Over-Packaging 8 2.2.1 Definition of Over-packaging 8 2.2.2 Environmental Hazards of Over-Packaging 10 2.2.3 Causes of Over-Packaging 12 2.3 Gift Giving Behavior and Gift Packaging 14 2.3.1 Gift Giving and Receiving 14 2.3.2 Excessive Gift Packaging 15 2.3.3 Trivia 17 2.4 Measurement Packaging 18 2.4.1 The Importance of Measuring Packaging 18 2.4.2 Studies on Packaging Evaluation 19 2.4.3 Inadequacies of Existing Packaging Assessment Tools 22 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23 3.1 Research Methodology Framework 23 3.2 Expert Individual Interview Method 25 3.2.1 Semi-Structured Interview 25 3.2.2 Specialist Filter 26 3.3 Analytic Hierarchy Process 27 3.3.1 AHP Framework 28 3.3.2 Hierarchical Analysis Evaluation Scale 29 3.3.3 Expert Questionnaire Design 31 3.3.4 AHP for Constructing a Rating System 31 3.4 Quality Function Development 32 3.4.1 Quality House 32 3.4.2 Developing Quality Functions for Scale Construction 35 CHAPTER 4 GIFT PACKAGING SUSTAINABILITY EVALUATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 37 4.1 Expert Panel 37 4.2 Gift Packaging Sustainability Indicators 38 4.3 Indicator Weight Calculation 44 CHAPTER 5 GIFT PACKAGING SUSTAINABILITY RATING SCALE DEVELOPMENT 50 5.1 Use of QFD in Scale Development 50 5.1.1 Quality House Left Wall 51 5.1.2 Quality House Ceilings 52 5.1.3 Quality Room 53 5.1.4 Complete Quality House 54 5.2 Calculation Formula for Scale Evaluation Results 55 5.3 Evaluation Results and Zoning 59 5.3.1 Zoning 59 5.3.2 Verification of Zoning 60 5.4 Web-Based Rating System Design 63 CHAPTER 6 CASE STUDY 65 6.1 Gift Box Options 65 6.2 Mark 69 6.3 Analysis of Results 70 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 76 REFERENCES 78 Appendix A Gift Packaging Sustainability Evaluation Survey Questionnaire 88 A.1 Question Description 88 A.2 Questionnaire Instructions 88 A.3 Questionnaire Content 90 A.3.1 Tier 1 Indicator Layer 90 A.3.2 Secondary Indicator Layer 93 Appendix B Survey on Receiving and Giving Gifts 99 Appendix C Gift Packaging Sustainability Rating Scale 103

    Baskin, E., Wakslak, C. J., Trope, Y., & Novemsky, N. (2014). Why Feasibility Matters More to Gift Receivers than to Givers: a Construal-Level Approach to Gift Giving. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), 169 -182. https://doi.org/10.1086/675737
    Becker, L., van Rompay, T. J. L., Schifferstein, H. N. J., & Galetzka, M. (2011). Tough package, strong taste: The influence of packaging design on taste impressions and product evaluations. Food Quality and Preference, 22(1), 17 -23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2010.06.007
    Belk, R. W. (1976). It's the Thought that Counts: a Signed Digraph Analysis of Gift-Giving. Journal of Consumer Research, 3(3), 155. https://doi.org/ 10.1086/208662
    Belk, R. W. (1982). Effects of Gift-Giving Involvement on Gift Selection Strategies. ACR North American Advances, 09, 408-412.
    Berger, A. A. (2004). Media and Communication Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Taipei: Feng Yun Forum.
    Chan, A. K. K., Denton, L., & Tsang, A. S. L. (2003). The art of gift giving in China. Business Horizons, 46(4), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-6813(03)00051-X
    Chelsea Ritschel. (2018). Why is plastic bad for the environment and how much is in the ocean? Retrieved May 3, 2023, from The Independent website: https://www.independent.co.uk/ life-style/plastic-bad-environment-why-ocean-pollution-how-much-single-use-facts-recycling-a8309311.html
    Chen, H., & Song, W. (2018). A multi-level study of evaluation indices and weight comparison for food packaging designs. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 21(2), 287 -297. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2017.1420558
    Clement, J. (2007). Visual influence on in-store buying decisions: an eye-track experiment on the visual influence of packaging design. journal of marketing management,. 23(9-10), 917-928. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725707X250395
    Dixon-Hardy, D. W., & Curran, B. A. (2009). Types of packaging waste from secondary sources (supermarkets) - The situation in the UK. Waste Management, 29(3), 1198- 1207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.06.045
    Elgaaïed-Gambier, L. (2016). Who Buys Overpackaged Grocery Products and Why? Understanding Consumers' Reactions to Overpackaging in the Food Sector. journal of Business Ethics, 135(4), 683-698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2491-2
    Eurostat. (2022). Packaging waste by waste management operations. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?lang=en& dataset=env_waspac
    Featherstone, T. (2016, June 30). Sick of excessive packaging? Companies must try harder. Retrieved June 7, 2023, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/small-business/sick-of- excessive-packaging-companies-must-try-harder-20160630-gpv43q.html
    Greenpeace. (2021, March 8). What is a carbon footprint? Why Reducing Your Carbon Footprint Will Cool the Planet. Retrieved July 3, 2023, from https://www.greenpeace.org/taiwan/update/23834/%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%98%AF%E7%A2%B3%E8%B6%B3%E8%B7%A1%EF% BC%9F%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%B8%9B%E5%B0%91%E7%A2%B3%E8%B6%B3%E8%B7%A1%E8%83%BD%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E9%99%8D%E6%BA% AB%EF%BC%9F%BC%9F%BC%9F%BC%9F%BC%9F%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E9%99%8D%E6%BA%E6%BA AB%EF%BC%9F/
    Guo, Y., & Xu, W. (2010). Study on design and evaluation method for transportation packaging protection. Advanced Materials Research, 123-125, 443-446. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.123-125.443
    Hoornweg, D., & Bhada-Tata, P. (2012). What a Waste : A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. Urban Development Series. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17388
    Hyun, N. K., Park, Y., & Park, S. W. (2016). Narcissism and gift giving: not every gift is for others. Personality and Individual Differences, 96, 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j .paid.2016.02.057
    Ilyuk, V. (2018). Like throwing a piece of me away: how online and in-store grocery purchase channels affect consumers' food waste. journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 41, 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.11.003
    John R. Hauser, & Don Clausing. (1988). The house of quality.
    Kang, Y., & Li, J. (2010). Green rationality evaluation of degradable packaging based on LCA and fuzzy AHP. Proceedings - 2010 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, IE and EM2010, 329-332. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEEM.2010.5646599
    Laura Parker. (2018). We made plastic. we depend on it. now we're drowning in it.... Retrieved May 3, 2023, from National Geographic website: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/plastic-planet-waste- pollution-trash-crisis
    Leung, T. K. P., Chan, R. Y.-K., Lai, K., & Ngai, E. W. T. (2011). An examination of the influence of guanxi and xinyong (utilization of personal trust) on negotiation outcome in China: an old friend approach. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(7), 1193-1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.12.020
    Leung, T. K. P., Heung, V. C. S., & Wong, Y. H. (2008). Cronyism. European Journal of Marketing, 42(1/2), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560810840899
    Lewis, H., Fitzpatrick, L., Verghese, K., Sonneveld, K., & Jordon, R. (2007). Sustainable Packaging Redefined. Retrieved from http://www.sustainablepack.org/default.aspx,
    Li, N., Halabi, K. N. M., & Ren, L. J. (2022). Discussion of key performance indicators for packaging design - The perspective of sustainable development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECOLOGY , 23(6), 2468-2473.
    Li, R. Y. M., Chau, K. W., & Zeng, F. F. (2019). Ranking of Risks for Existing and New Building Works. sustainability, 11(10), 2863. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102863
    Lin, J. (2022a). How to reduce overpackaging of food in China: Analysis based on evolutionary game. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 31, 529-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.03.012
    Lin, J. (2022b). How to reduce overpackaging of food in China: Analysis based on evolutionary game. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 31, 529-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.03.012
    Liu, P. J., Dallas, S. K., & Fitzsimons, G. J. (2019). A Framework for Understanding Consumer Choices for Others. Journal of Consumer Research, 46(3), 407-434. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr /ucz009
    Liu, S. F., Lee, Y., & Huang, Y. (2009). A brief fatigue inventory of shoulder health developed by quality function deployment technique. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 18(3), 418 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 18(3), 418-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSE.2009.02.023
    Magnier, L., & Schoormans, J. (2015). Consumer reactions to sustainable packaging: the interplay of visual appearance, verbal claim and environmental concern. journal of environmental Psychology, 44, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVP.2015.09.005
    Monnot, E., & Reniou, F. (2012). Les suremballages : des emballages superflus pour les consommateurs ? Décisions Marketing, 65, 31-43. https://doi.org/10.7193/DM.065.31.43
    Nguyen, A. T., Parker, L., Brennan, L., & Lockrey, S. (2020). A consumer definition of eco-friendly packaging. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 119792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119792
    Otto, S., Strenger, M., Maier-Nöth, A., & Schmid, M. (2021). Food packaging and sustainability - Consumer perception vs. correlated scientific facts: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 298, 126733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126733
    Prendergast, G., & Pitt, L. (1996). Packaging, marketing, logistics and the environment: are there trade-offs? Logistics Management, 26(6), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.1108/09600039610125206
    Robertson, K., Garnham, M., & Symes, W. (2014). Life cycle carbon footprint of the packaging and transportation of New Zealand kiwifruit. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 19(10), 1693 -1704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-014-0775-5
    Ryans, A. B. (1977). Consumer gift buying behavior: an exploratory analysis. Contemporary Marketing Thought, 44, 99-104.
    Sanyé-Mengual, E., Lozano, R. G., Oliver-Solà, J., Gasol, C. M., & Rieradevall, J. (2014). Eco-Design and Product Carbon Footprint Use in the Packaging Sector. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-41-2_9
    Scagnetti, C., Lorenz, M., Keller, J., & Albrecht, S. (2022). The Packaging Index (PIX) - a proposed methodology for packaging assessment and comparison. E3S Web of Conferences, 349, 01002. https://doi.org/ 10.1051/e3sconf/202234901002
    Segev, R., Shoham, A., & Ruvio, A. (2013). Gift-giving among adolescents: exploring motives, the effects of givers' personal characteristics and the use of impression management tactics. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 30(5), 436-449. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-01-2013-0426
    Sherry, Jr. , J. F. (1983). Gift Giving in Anthropological Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.1086/208956
    Shi, L. (2022). Design of Packaging Design Evaluation Architecture Based on Deep Learning. Scientific Programming, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4469495
    Shi, Z., Chang, Y., Hao, Y., Zhang, L., Li, X., Zhang, P., & Pan, M. (2023). Tapping the environmental potential of gift packaging: implications of mooncake in China. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 28(2), 186-198. 186-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-022-02125-x
    Soroka, W. (2021). Illustrated Glossary of Packaging Terminology. Institute of Packaging Professionals.
    Svanes, E., Vold, M., Møller, H., Pettersen, M. K., Larsen, H., & Hanssen, O. J. (2010). Sustainable packaging design: a holistic methodology for packaging design. Packaging Technology and Science, 23(3), 161-175. https:// Packaging Technology and Science, 23(3), 161-175. doi.org/10.1002/pts.887
    Teigen, K. H., Olsen, M. V. G., & Solås, O. E. (2005). Giver-receiver asymmetries in gift preferences. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44(1), 125-144. https://doi.org/10.1348/ 014466604X23428
    Underwood, R. L., & Klein, N. M. (2002). Packaging as Brand Communication: Effects of Product Pictures on Consumer Responses to the Package and Brand. journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,. 10(4), 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2002.11501926
    Verghese, K. L., Horne, R., & Carre, A. (2010). PIQET: the design and development of an online 'streamlined' LCA tool for sustainable packaging design decision support. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15(6), 608-620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-010-0193-2
    Wyrwa, J., & Barska, A. (2017). Innovations in the food packaging market: active packaging. European Food Research and Technology, 243(10), 1681-1692. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00217-017-2878-2
    XU HUA. (2021, September 21). Mid-Autumn Festival: China wants to cut down on excessive mooncake packaging. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from China Global Television Network website : https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-09-21/VHJhbnNjcmlwdDU4Nzg1/index.html
    Yen, D. A., & Barnes, B. R. (2011). Analyzing stage and duration of Anglo-Chinese business-to-business relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(3), 346-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.08.003
    Zhao, W., Zheng, L., & Wang, T. (2013). Usability Evaluation of Packaging Design Based on Eye Movement Experiment. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Science and Social Research. Paris, France: Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/icssr-13.2013.143
    三晉都市報. (2013, March 26). 小心!食品類禮品也會「金玉其外、敗絮其中」. 三晉都市報. Retrieved from http://www.clii.com.cn/zhhylm/zhhylmHangYeJuJiao/201303/t20130326_376076.html
    [Sanjin Metropolis Daily. (2013, March 26). Beware! Food gifts can also be "gold and jade outside, lousy inside". San Jin Metropolis Daily. Retrieved from http://www.clii.com.cn/zhhylm/zhhylmHangYeJuJiao/201303/t20130326_376076.html]
    世界自然基金會. (2020). 中國塑料包裝再生現狀白皮書. [World Wide Fund for Nature. (2020). White Paper on the Status of Plastic Packaging Recycling in China.]
    中國消費者協會. (2022). 商品過度包裝問題研究及消費者感知調查報告. [China Consumers Association. (2022). Research Report on the Problem of Excessive Packaging of Goods and Consumer Perceptions.]
    國務院辦公廳. 國務院辦公廳關於進一步加強商品過度包裝治理的通知. , (2022). http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2022-09/08/content_5708858.htm. [General Office of the State Council. Circular of the General Office of the State Council on Further Strengthening the Control of Excessive Packaging of Commodities. , (2022). http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2022-09/08/content_5708858.htm.]
    國家標準化管理委員會. 限制商品過度包裝要求. , Pub. L. No. GB 23350-2009 (2009). China. [National Standardization Administration. Requirements for Restricting Excessive Packaging of Goods. , Pub. L. No. GB 23350-2009 (2009). China.]
    國家標準化管理委員會. 《限製商品過度包裝要求食品和化妝品》. , Pub. L. No. GB 23350-2021 (2021). CHINA. [National Standardization Administration. Restrictions on excessive packaging requirements for food and cosmetic products. , Pub. L. No. GB 23350-2021 (2021). CHINA.]
    新華網. (2023, April 11). “茶葉2兩包裝2斤”專家建議制定法律剷除産品過度包裝頑疾. Retrieved April 23, 2023, from http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com/food/20230411/3c90dc370cbd438f9d0aa1e1debf4089/c.html [Xinhua News. (2023, April 11). "Tea leaves 2 taels packaged 2 pounds," experts recommend the development of laws to eradicate over-packaging of products. Retrieved April 23, 2023, from http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com/food/20230411/3c90dc370cbd438f9d0aa1e1debf4089/c.html]
    智庫百科. (2013, July 30). 個別訪談法. Retrieved June 25, 2023, from https://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E5%88%AB%E8%AE%BF%E8%B0%88%E6%B3%95 [Wikipedia. (2013, July 30). Individual interview method. Retrieved June 25, 2023, from https://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E5%88%AB%E8%AE%BF%E8%B0%88%E6%B3%95]
    朱陳春田. (1991). 包裝設計. 臺北市 : 錦冠出版.[Chu, Chan & Chun Tin. (1991). Packaging Design. Taipei City : Jin Guan Publishing.]
    李潔言. (2021a, September 30). 70.1%受訪者直言商品過度包裝增加了消費者支出. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from 中國青年報 website: https://zqb.cyol.com/html/2021-09/30/nw.D110000zgqnb_20210930_4-10.htm [Lee, Jee-yin. (2021a, September 30). 70.1% of Respondents Say Overpackaging Increases Consumer Spending. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from China Youth Daily website: https://zqb.cyol.com/html/2021-09/30/nw.D110000zgqnb_20210930_4-10.htm]
    李潔言. (2021b, September 30). 超九成受訪者表示會盡量避免購買過度包裝商品. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from 中國青年報 website: http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2021-09/30/nw.D110000zgqnb_20210930_3-10.htm [Lee, Jee-yin. (2021b, September 30). More than 90% of Respondents Say They Will Try to Avoid Buying Overpackaged Goods. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from China Youth Daily website: http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2021-09/30/nw.D110000zgqnb_20210930_3-10.htm]
    王丹. (2021). 中秋之際,檢視月餅過度包裝. 光明日報. Retrieved from http://www.cfej.net/jizhe/cmlw/202109/t20210915_944552.shtml [Wang, Dan. (2021). Mid-Autumn Festival: Examining the over-packaging of mooncakes. Guangming Daily. Retrieved from http://www.cfej.net/jizhe/cmlw/202109/t20210915_944552.shtml]
    環境保護署. 公告限制產品過度包裝. , (2005). [Environmental Protection Department. Notice on Restriction of Excessive Packaging of Products. , (2005).]
    環境保護署. 行政院環境保護署推動產品碳足跡管理要點. , Pub. L. No. 1090018306 (2020). [Environmental Protection Administration. Key Points for Promoting Product Carbon Footprint Management in the Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan. , Pub. L. No. 1090018306 (2020).]
    管小紅. (2019, July 16). 2018年中國垃圾處理現狀. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from 產業信息網 website: https://www.chyxx.com/industry/201907/760434.html [Guan, Xiaohong. (2019, July 16). Current Status of Waste Disposal in China in 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2022, from Industry Information Network website: https://www.chyxx.com/industry/201907/760434.html]
    維基百科. (2022). 層級分析法. Retrieved June 3, 2023, from https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B1%A4%E7%B4%9A%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%B3%95#cite_note-1 [Wikipedia. (2022). Hierarchical analysis. Retrieved June 3, 2023, from https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B1%A4%E7%B4%9A%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%B3%95#cite_note-1]
    臺北市政府環境保護局. (2020, September 28). 中秋禮盒查獲4件過度包裝 環保局依法開罰. Retrieved July 10, 2023, from https://www.dep.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=CB6D5C560DE4D2DD&sms=72544237BBE4C5F6&s=7F026E2A1DE740AD [Department of Environmental Protection, Taipei City Government. (2020, September 28). Mid-Autumn Gift Boxes: 4 Overpacked Cases Seized, EPA Fines Them According to Law. Retrieved July 10, 2023, from https://www.dep.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=CB6D5C560DE4D2DD&sms=72544237BBE4C5F6&s= 7F026E2A1DE740AD]
    袁方. (2002). 社會研究方法. 臺北市: 五南. [Yuan, F.. (2002). Social Research Methods. Taipei City: Wunan.]
    邵家駿. (2004). 品質機能展開. 機械工業出版社. [Shao, Jiajun. (2004). Quality Function Development. Machinery Industry Publishing House.]
    鄧振源, & 曾國雄. (1989, July). 層級分析法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用(上)、(下). 中國統計學報. [Teng, Zhenyuan, & Tsang, Kwok-hung. (1989, July). Characterization and application of the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) (above) and (below). Chinese Journal of Statistics.]

    無法下載圖示 校內:2028-07-18公開
    校外:2028-07-18公開
    電子論文尚未授權公開,紙本請查館藏目錄
    QR CODE