戴奧辛與呋喃(Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans: PCDD/Fs，一般簡稱戴奧辛)。本研究選擇一鋼鐵廠熔融製程(燒結)之勞工，進行時間-活動模式查，藉由問卷訪視登錄受訪者之活動區域與時間比例，根據上述調查結果，將勞工作業性質區分出四個相似暴露群(SEG，similar exposure group)，分別為A族群(進出進料口與控制室區域之勞工); B族群(進出熔融製程與控制室區域之勞工); C族群(進出破碎機與控制室區域之勞工)及D族群(進出進料口、熔融製程、破碎機與控制室區域之勞工)，進行熔融廠廠內空氣之PCDD/Fs氣固相分析及粒徑分佈。結果如下：1.進料口、熔融製程旁、破碎機旁三次採樣之TSP平均濃度分別為3780、1210及1240 μg/m3，以進料口之TSP濃度為最高，推測因與熔融爐進料口粒狀物之逸散有關。2.於三次採樣中皆以熔融製程旁及破碎機旁之固相PCDD/Fs I-TEQ濃度較高，由於TSP濃度以進料口附近最高，但固相PCDD/Fs卻以熔融製程旁與破碎機旁附近為最高，推測應為熔融過程粒狀物表面藉由de Novo機制而形成較多PCDD/Fs所致。三次採樣中熔融製程旁、破碎機旁及控制室內粒狀物中PCDD/Fs I-TEQ含量皆明顯高於進料口。3.三次採樣其氣相PCDD/Fs皆以熔融製程旁與破碎機旁附近為最高，推測應為熔融形成之PCDD/Fs逸散所致。4.熔融廠廠內空氣之PCDD/Fs於固相所佔之比例較高，其應與廠內空氣之TSP濃度及粒狀物所含PCDD/Fs含量較高有關。要有效降低熔融廠廠內之PCDD/Fs濃度，應先有效控制粒狀物逸散之問題。5.第一次與第二次採樣中皆以破碎機旁之總PCDD/Fs I-TEQ濃度(固相+氣相)最高，而熔融製程旁濃度次之。第三次採樣則以熔融製程旁濃度最高，而破碎機旁濃度次之。但三次採樣皆以控制室內之空氣總PCDD/Fs I-TEQ濃度最低。6.熔融過程所逸散之粒狀物屬於粗微粒範圍。此因與其粒徑較大，質量較高，逸散之動能較大而熔融製程履帶底下之負壓抽引力量無法將其補集有關，而反觀細微粒則被補集。破碎機為物理式機械破碎，故其逸散之粒狀物其粒徑較大，且兩次採樣其粒徑分佈亦相當一致。7.因熔融過程所逸散之粒狀物屬於粗微粒範圍及逸散之氣相PCDD/Fs因冷卻而吸附在較粗微粒上，故熔融製程旁空氣總PCDD/Fs粒徑分佈屬於粗微粒範圍。因破碎機為物理式機械破碎，故其逸散之粒狀物其粒徑較大，且兩次採樣其粒徑分佈亦相當一致。8.在所有之採樣點，總PCDD/Fs之MMDo值皆小於總懸浮微粒之MMDo值。此結果顯示在所逸散之懸浮微粒中，有較小粒徑者比較大粒徑之懸浮微粒含較多之PCDD/Fs或氣相PCDD/Fs傾向於冷凝及附著在具有較大比表面積之較小粒徑之懸浮微粒。9.總懸浮微粒粒徑分佈之σgf及σgc值可知其細微粒之散佈較粗微粒為廣。17種PCDD/Fs在粗微粒範圍之分佈比細微粒集中。由總懸浮微粒、總PCDD/Fs及17種PCDD/Fs之σgo可知熔融廠廠內總懸浮微粒、總PCDD/Fs及17種PCDD/Fs在不同粒徑範圍之分佈甚廣。10.粒狀物相PCDD/Fs含量(ng/g)粒徑分佈中，小粒徑之微粒有最大之PCDD/Fs含量，應與較小之懸浮微粒具有較大之比表面積，較多之氣相PCDD/Fs可以經冷凝作用吸附於其上有關。另一方面於粗微粒範圍或具較大粒徑之微粒有另一高峰之PCDD/Fs含量，推測其為熔融過程行de Novo作用之逸散飛灰，故其PCDD/Fs含量較高。11.全部暴露族群經由W-test判定皆為對數-正常分佈，所有暴露族群之算數平均值(AMMVUE)則介於0.023～0.066 pg I-TEQ/Nm3之間。族群A (進出進料口與控制室區域)之勞工之算數平均值明顯低於其他三個相似暴露族群勞工之算數平均值。其他三個相似暴露族群勞工之算數平均值皆高於全部暴露族群勞工之算數平均值，分別為族群C (進出破碎機與控制室區域)之勞工＞族群D (進出進料口、熔融製程、破碎機與控制室區域)之勞工＞族群B (進出熔融製程與控制室區域)之勞工。12.假設勞工在未配戴防塵口罩狀況下研究勞工之致癌風險評估：族群致癌風險度以族群C (進出破碎機與控制室區域)之勞工最高為3.30E-05，族群A (進出進料口與控制室區域)之勞工最低為1.15E-05。在氣相部分，勞工PCDD/Fs暴露主要受低氯數之PCDDs與PCDFs影響較大，相對地其致癌風險之貢獻度也較高氯數大，而在固相部分，其趨勢與氣相部分相反，是由含氯數較高之PCDDs與PCDFs對勞工暴露濃度及致癌風險有較高之貢獻度。固相中之PCDDs與PCDFs對勞工暴露濃度及致癌風險較氣相部分之貢獻度來的大。

　　Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) generally denotes as dioxin. In this study, a time-activity model was used to examine the dioxin exposure of workers in a molten process plant. According the model, workers were divided into four similar exposure groups (SEGs), including labors work at the raw materials inlet and control room (group A), at sintering grate and control room (group B), at rough roll shredder and control room (group C), and only at control room (group D). The partition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) between gas-phase and particle-bound and particle size distributions of PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere of different workplace of a sinter plant were investigated. Those results were as follows: 1. The average TSP concentrations of raw materials inlet (site A), sintering grate (site B), and rough roll shredder (site C) are 3780, 1210, and 1240 μg/m3, respectively. Site A has the highest TSP concentration among those selected sampling sites, and it may be due to the emissions of particles in raw material inlet. 2. The PCDD/Fs I-TEQs of sites B and C were all higher than that of site A for three sampling events. Studied results showed that site A has the highest TSP concentration. Meanwhile, the particle-bound PCDD/Fs concentration of sites B and C were higher than that of other sampling sites. It was estimated that PCDD/Fs formation at sites B and C was though the mechanism of de Novo after raw material sintered. 3. The PCDD/Fs concentration of gas phase of sites B and C were higher than that of other sampling sites, which may be due to the emission of fugitive gas from the sintering process. 4. Partition of PCDD/Fs in the particle-phase was higher than that in gas-phase, which was due to the high TSP concentration in the atmosphere of the sinter plant and most of the PCDD/Fs bounded in particle surface. Hence, to decrease the PCDD/Fs concentration of a sinter plant, controlling particles emission is the first priority. 5. Site C has higher aggregates PCDD/Fs I-TEQs (gas phase plus particle phase) than that of site B for both the first and second samplings events. However, site B has higher aggregates PCDD/Fs I-TEQs for the third sampling event. Nevertheless, site D has the lowest aggregates PCDD/Fs I-TEQs for those three samplings events. 6. Owing to small particle has lower momentum than large particle; small particle was easier to be pulled down than large particle through the sintering bed by strong airflow (site B). However, rough roll shredder (site C) could cause large particle formation in its process. The particle size distribution of site C for the second and third sampling events was similar to each other. 7. Emission particles from sintering grate (site B) are mostly the coarse particle. After fugitive gas cool down and adsorbed on the surface of particle, the particle size distribution of aggregate PCDD/Fs should contain mostly in coarse particle. The studied results indicated that particle size distribution of aggregate PCDD/Fs of the site C was similar to that of site B. 8. The MMDo of aggregate PCDD/Fs are all lower than that of the TSP for all sampling events. It indicates that small particle containing more PCDD/Fs than the large particle. Meanwhile, the majority of the gas PCDD/Fs is adsorbed to the small particle owing to larger surface on it. 9. According to the σgf and σgc of the TSP, it indicates that the distribution range of small particles is larger than the coarse particles. The distribution of seventeen 2,3,7,8 chlorinated substituted PCDD/Fs congeners were more concentrated in coarse particle range than in small particle range. According the σgo of TSP, PCDD/Fs, and seventeen 2,3,7,8 chlorinated substituted PCDD/Fs congeners, the range of particle distribution is quite large. 10. Small particle has higher PCDD/Fs content than that of larger particle. It could be due to the small particle has larger surface and adsorb more PCDD/Fs on it. However, there is a peak at the coarse particle range. That could be due to the PCDD/Fs formation through the de Novo mechanism. 11. After W-test, all similar exposure groups are belongs to the logarithm-normal distribution. The values of AMMVUE were between 0.023～0.066 pg I-TEQ/Nm3. Group A has the lowest AMMVUE, and then is the Group B, Group D, and Group C. 12. Assuming that labors don’t wear dust-proof masks, the risk assessment is as follows: Group C labors have the highest cancer risk (3.30E-05) and Group A labors have the lowest cancer risk (1.15E-05). Low-chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs contribute to the major part of PCDD/Fs concentration in gas phase and are the major dedicator of cancer risk. To the contrary, high-chlorinated PCDDs and PCDFs contribute to the major part of PCDD/Fs concentration in particle phase and are the major dedicator of cancer risk

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