棲地破壞是造成全球生物多樣性下降的主要原因，因此瞭解生物與棲地環境的關係為提供物種保育及棲地經營的重要基礎。溪流生態系提供兩棲類重要的水域生殖場及陸域棲息地，但人為活動往往改變了這兩種棲地進而影響兩棲類群聚。在台灣，整合溪流水陸域環境與兩棲類關聯性的探討較為缺乏。本研究於2008年5月至2009年7月，在蓮華池地區的兩條上游溪流設置了17個長度為30公尺的河段，記錄河道內的兩棲類物種及個體數與水陸域環境因子，以了解陸域土地利用與水域之環境特性(溪寬、河道形狀、底質和人工構造物等)是否與溪流中兩棲類的多樣性及群聚組成有關。為了解多寬的河岸緩衝帶可能保護大部分的兩棲類，我比較不同寬度及範圍的河岸帶土地使用與兩棲類組成及主要物種密度的相關性。此外，將河段細分為三個10公尺區塊，分析小尺度下主要物種與底質和水域型態的關係。研究結果顯示:在森林為主要地景之上游溪流，周邊低度的人為土地利用與兩棲類多樣性為正相關，可能是人為利用地提供不同類型之棲地供溪流與靜水域繁殖物種使用。與河道內兩棲類群聚組成有關之主要因子為濱岸土地利用型態、河道內堤防化程度(遮陰植被多寡)和河道特性，如大型底質密度及河道形狀。根據物種對於濱岸土地利用的反應可將兩棲類物種分為三類:森林類、開墾(干擾)類、無反應類。森林型兩棲類物種（斯文豪氏赤蛙、古氏赤蛙、腹斑蛙）的密度，與河岸50公尺內之林地比例成正相關，並與人為土地利用比例呈負相關。各主要物種之密度在小尺度下，與溪流內部之環境特性如水域型態及大型底質密度有顯著的相關性，但不同物種的關聯性不同。在森林為主要地景的上游溪流，中度的開發增加區域內之兩棲類多樣性，但對於依賴森林的物種，未來在管理上，可優先保留50公尺內的濱岸森林或植被。另一方面河道內部的棲地管理，可依據可能出現的物種因地制宜，底質的變化與多樣化的水域型態能提供具不同棲地需求的物種使用。

Knowledge about organism-habitat association is important to conservation and management of a species, especially when habitat loss is one of the major threats to global biodiversity. Stream systems providing critical resources for amphibians are often degraded and modified by anthropogenic activities which may have adverse effects on stream-related amphibians. This study investigated the relationships between amphibian assemblages and stream-riparian properties in a headwater system located in Central Taiwan from May 2008 to July 2009. Seventeen reaches along the two streams were setup to survey amphibian assemblages and environmental properties monthly. Land-uses in the riparian zones encompassing different widths were also determined, so that the amphibian-habitat association in various widths of riparian zones could be analyzed. Besides, the amphibian-habitat associations in streams were also analyzed at a smaller scale by dividing the reach into three subunits. The results showed that moderate development along streams in a forest dominated landscape can increase amphibian diversity in the streams by creating different habitats for the stream and pond breeding species. The amphibian assemblages in streams were associated with in-stream properties (such as embankment and channel characteristics) and the adjacent land-use. The amphibian species can be grouped according to their associations with the land-use variables as forest, neutral, and tolerant species. Densities of the forest species, Rana adenopleura, Limnonectes kuhlii, and Rana swinhoana increased with higher riparian forest cover within 50 m. Density of Rana latouchii also increased with closed canopy. Besides, densities of most species showed weak but significant correlation with emergent substrates and mesohabitat variables at the smaller scale. These results suggest a buffer zone of at least 50 m intact forest is needed for the forest species. Moreover, the management strategies for small scale habitats should be designed according to the species occurring in the focal reaches. Maintaining diverse substrates and mesohabitats in reaches may increase amphibian diversity in reaches.

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