摘要
本研究以十六烷基三甲基溴化銨(hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, HTMAB, CH3(CH2)15N(CH3)3Br)及十六烷基硫酸鈉(sodium hexadecylsulfate, SHS, CH3(CH2)15SO4Na )所形成之離子對雙親分子(ion pair amphilphile, IPA)HTMA-HS，藉由強制性程序形成陰陽離子液胞(catanionic vesicle)，並探討添加不同莫耳分率的雙碳氫鏈二甲基溴化銨(dialkyldimethylammonium bromide, DXDAB)及膽固醇對液胞物理穩定性的影響。
實驗結果顯示，與純HTMA-HS系統相比，HTMA-HS/DXDAB所製備出之陰陽離子液胞的物理穩定性明顯較佳，表示DXDAB的添加對陰陽離子液胞的物理穩定性有大幅改善的效果。由於當DXDAB的莫耳分率增加時，液胞之界面電位不會呈現與含量成正比的提升效果，因此液胞雙層膜內分子碳氫鏈的排列特性可能是決定液胞物理穩定性的主導因素。
此外，藉由Langmuir單分子層的實驗探討分子碳氫鏈間的交互作用。對HTMA-HS/DXDAB系統而言，分子間作用較弱的單分子層，在液胞雙層膜中也表現出規則性較差的分子排列。反之，分子間作用較強的單分子層，在液胞雙層膜中也表現出規則性較高的分子排列。
在添加膽固醇的HTMA-HS/DXDAB液胞系統中，隨著膽固醇莫耳分率的增加，液胞粒徑隨時間增大的趨勢變得較不明顯，且液胞的界面電位獲得提升，表示膽固醇的添加能同時增強分子碳氫鏈間凡得瓦作用及提高液胞表面帶電特性，而能大幅改善陰陽離子液胞的物理穩定性。然而，單分子層的實驗顯示由於膽固醇的環狀結構所形成的立體障礙，增加了分子碳氫鏈尾端的自由度，使得膽固醇的添加只能增強靠近固醇環之分子部分的交互作用，而無法提升雙層膜中整體分子碳氫鏈排列的規則性。
整體而言，DXDAB及膽固醇的添加能大幅改善由HTMA-HS製備出之陰陽離子液胞的物理穩定性。而HTMA-HS所製備出之液胞的物理穩定性，明顯優於其他較短碳鏈之IPA所形成液胞的物理穩定性，此結果應與IPA的碳氫鏈長度有關。由於HTMA-HS的雙十六碳氫鏈可提供分子間較強的疏水作用，有助於抑制液胞間的融合，而能提升液胞的物理穩定性。

Abstract
In this study, the ion pair amphiphile (IPA), hexadecyltrimethylammonium-hexadecylsulfate (HTMA-HS), was prepared from the cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTMAB), with the anionic surfactant, sodium hexadecylsulfate (SHS). HTMA-HS was then used to form catanionic vesicles by a forced formation process, and the effects of added various molar fractions of dialkyldimethylammonium bromide (DXDAB) and cholesterol on the physical stability of the vesicles were investigated.
The experimental results indicated that, in comparison with the pure HTMA-HS system, the vesicles prepared from HTMA-HS/DXDAB apparently have better physical stability. This implied that the addition of DXDAB could significantly improve the physical stability of the catanionic vesicles. Because the zeta potential of the vesicles was not proportionally increased with the increased molar fraction of DXDAB, the packing characteristic of the molecule hydrocarbon chains in the vesicular bilayers might be the dominant factor for determining the vesicle physical stability.
In addition, the interactions between molecule hydrocarbon chains were explored by the Langmuir monolayer experiments. For the HTMA-HS/DXDAB systems, when the monolayers possessed weaker molecular interactions, less conformational order of the molecules in the vesicular bilayers was also found. On the contrary, when stronger molecular interactions were found within the monolayers, higher conformational order of the molecules in the vesicular bilayers was detected.
For the HTMA-HS/DXDAB vesicle systems with the incorporation of cholesterol, with the increased molar fraction of cholesterol, the increase of the vesicle size with time became less significant, and the zeta potential of the vesicles became higher. The results suggested that the addition of cholesterol could increase the van der Waals interactions between the molecule hydrocarbon chains and enhance the charge characteristic of the vesicular surface, resulting in improved physical stability of the catanionic vesicles. However, the monolayer experiments demonstrated that, due to the steric hindrance induced by the sterol rings of cholesterol, the freedom of the terminal segments of the molecule hydrocarbon chains was increased. Thus, the addition of cholesterol can only enhance the interactions between the molecular parts near the sterol rings and can not improve the overall packing order of the molecule hydrocarbon chains in the vesicular bilayers.
In summary, the addition of DXDAB and cholesterol can significantly improve the physical stability of the catanionic vesicles prepared from HTMA-HS. The vesicles prepared from HTMA-HS apparently have better physical stability than vesicles formed of other IPAs with shorter hydrocarbon chains. This result was related to the hydrocarbon chain length of IPA. Because the dihexadecyl-chain of HTMA-HS could provide enhanced hydrophobic interactions between the molecules, the vesicle fusion could be inhibited, resulting in improved vesicle physical stability.

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