兒童預防保健服務是目前國內提供幼兒健康檢查的主要衛生措施，然而國內對於兒童預防保健服務體系之認知與期待與影響利用相關因素之相關研究不足，故本研究主要以計畫行為理論為理論基礎，探討影響民眾利用兒童預防保健服務之相關因素。研究方法採描述性、相關性之研究設計，以方便取樣方式於南部縣市選取育有六歲或六歲以下兒童之家長共150位，以自擬結構式問卷進行資料收集。研究結果發現：(１)兒童預防保健服務受檢行為比例與家庭月總收入相關(2) 家長接受兒童預防保健服務之行為與對兒童預防保健服務之認知、熟悉度、獲益性呈現正相關(3)家長接受兒童預防保健服務之行為意願與行為態度、主觀規範、自覺行為控制為正相關。而實際接受行為與行為意願呈現正相關(4)行為意願為兒童預防服務接受行為之最佳預測因子。最後本研究結果可作為提供現行兒童醫療體系之保健人員之參考依據，發展可增強民眾接受服務方案，提升兒童預防保健服務之利用率。

Preventive health care is the major approach to promote children’s health. However, there are few studies focused on the understanding and exploring the affected factors related to the use of preventive health care for children in Taiwan. The purpose of the study was to explore the factors related to the use of children’s preventive health care service. The theory of planned behavior was used to formulate the research framework in this study. One hundred and fifty parents living in three southern Taiwan cities were recruited to participate of the study. A self-report questionnaire developed by the investigators was used to collect the data. Results of this study showed (1) the utilization of the children’s preventive health care service was related to the family monthly income; (2) parents’ use of the children’s preventive health care service was positively correlated to their understanding and familiarity of the service, the benefits of receiving the health service; (3) parents’ acceptance of the service was positively correlated with attitudes, intentions and perceived behavioral control; (4) intention was the best predicator of parents’ acceptance of children’s preventive health care service. Finally, findings of the study may provide to the public administrators as the reference to modify the present children’s health care services.

中央健保局（無日期）．健保雙週刊-全民健保守護婦幼健康．2010年5月20日
取自http://www.nhi.gov.tw/webdata/webdata.asp?menu=6&menu_id=168&webdata_id=1466&WD_ID=&IsPrint=1
行政院內政部統計處（無日期）．內政統計年報-發展遲緩兒童早期療育．2010年4月23日取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/y04-10.xls
行政院衛生署(2010年2月2日)．97年度死因統計-死因統計表．2010年4月14日取自http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?now_fod_list_no=10642&class_no=440&level_no=3
行政院衛生署國民健康局（2009）．國民健康局年報：台北。
李宗政（1991）．台灣地區婦幼衛生服務模式之研究-零至壹歲嬰兒保健醫療服務模式之研究．台北：國防醫學院 公共衛生研究所碩士論文。
李淑君、陳麗美、高森永、譚開元（1999）．全民健康保險兒童預防保健服務利用情形及其相關因素之調查研究．中華職業醫學雜誌，6（3），185-212。
季瑋珠、賴佳君（2001）．全民健保預防保健服務使用率之分析．台灣衛誌，20（1），43-51。
紀櫻珍、古智愷、吳振龍、黃富源（2005）．兒科醫師對兒童預防保健認知、態度與參與意願之探討．北市醫學雜誌，2（12）1107-1116。
陳怡沁（1998）．小兒科專科醫師與家醫科專科醫師對於「全民健保兒童預防保健服務」的態度、認知與執業情形之研究調查．台北：國防醫學院 公共衛生研究所碩士論文。
陳欽賢、朱子斌、劉彩卿（2006）．全民健康保險制度下兒童預防保健服務之利用．醫務管理期刊，7（1），107-121。
陳麗光、盧鴻興、張華志（2004）．1996-2001年之全民健康保險兒童預防保健服務利用率．台灣衛誌，23（1），37-44。
黃月桂、林勤豐（1999）．全民健保兒童健檢服務施行初期評估．中華衛誌，18（2），116-122。
傅粹馨（2002）．主份分析和共同因素分析相關議題之探究．教育與社會研究，2，107-132.
新生兒篩檢中心（無日期）．新生兒篩檢現況．2010年5月20日取自http://www.cfoh.org.tw/now
楊金寶、陽琪、楊志良（2005）．幼稚園所工作人員對學齡前兒童健康篩檢計畫滿意度及對未來執行意願之研究．醫護科技學刊，7（2），203-220.
趙鎮民、蔡悅琪（2006）．生長遲緩．基層醫學，21（12），359-366。
謝昌成、張守治、劉鎮嘉、蕭雅尤（2007）．兒童常見的生長問題-生長遲緩．基層醫學，22（7），230-234。
Ajzen I. (1991). The theory of Planned behavior. Oraganizational behavior and human decision processes, 50 , 179-211.
Ajzen,I. (2005). Attitudes, personality and behavior (2nd). Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press.
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: a meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology,40, 471-499.
Barker, D.J.P. (2007). The origins of the developmental origins theory. Journal of Internal Medicine, 261(5),412-417.
Brown, J., Melinkovich, P., Gitterman, B., & Ricketts, S. (1993). Missed opportunities in preventive pediatric health care. Immunizations or well-child care visits? American journal of Diseases of Children, 147(10), 1081-1084.
Chung, P. J., Lee, T. C., Morrison, J. L., & Schuster, M. A. (2006). Preventive care for children in the United States: quality and barriers. Annual review of public health, 27, 491-515.
Darmstadt, G. L., Walker, N., Lawn, J. E., Bhutta, Z.A., & Haws, R. A. (2008). Saving newborn lives in Asia and Africa: cost and impact of phased scale-up of interventions within the continuum of care. Health Policy and Planning, 23, 101-117.
Darmstadt, G. L., Bhutta, Z. A., Cousens, S., Adam, T., Walker, N., Bernis, L., & for the Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team. (2005). Evidence-base, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save. Lancet, 365, 977-988.
De Boo, H. A., & Harding, J. E. (2006). The developmental origins of adult disease (Barker) hypothesis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 46, 4-14.
Fall, C. H., Vijayakumar, M., Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., & Duggleby, S. (1995). Weight in infancy and prevalence of coronary heart disease in adult life. British Medical Journal, 310, 17-20.
Frankel, S., Elwood, P., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., & Smith, G. D. (1996). Birthweight, body-mass index in middle age, and incident coronary heart disease. Lancet, 348,1478–1480.
George, J., & Dover, M. D. (2009). The Barker hypothesis: how pediatricans will diagnose and prevent common adult-onset diseases. The American Clinical and Climatological Association,120, 199–207.

Guendelman, S., Angulo,V., & Oman, D. (2005). Access to health care for children and adolescents in working poor family. Medical Care, 43(1), 68-78.
Hughes, S.C., & Wingard, D. L. (2008). Parental beliefs and children’s receipt of preventive care: another piece of the puzzle? Health Services Research, 43(1), 287-299.
Jhanjee, I., Saxeena, D., Arora, J., & Gjerdingen, D. K. (2004). Parents' health and demographic characteristics predict noncompliance with well-child visits. The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 17(5), 324-331.
Murray, C. H., Laakso, T., Shibuya, K., Hill, K., & Lopez, D. A. (2007). Can we achieve Millennium Development Goal 4? New analysis of country trends and forecasts of under-5 mortality to 2015. Lancet, 370, 1040-1054.
Moore, T., & Kotelchuck, M. (2004). Predictors of urban fathers’ involvement in their child’s health care. Pediatrics, 113(3), 574-580.
Navarro-Rubio, M. D., Jovell, A. J., & Schor, E. L. (1995). Socioeconomic status and preventive health-care use by children in Spain. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 11(4), 256-262.
Newacheck, P. W., Hughes, D. C., & Stoddard, J. J. (1996). Children’s access to primary care: Differences by race, income, and insurance status. Pediatrics, 97(1), 26-32.
Riportella-Muller, R., Selby-Harrington, M.L., Richardson, L.A., Donat, P.L., Luchok, K.J., & Quade, D. (1996). Barriers to the use of preventive health care services for children. Public Health Reports, 111(1), 71-77.
Ronsaville, D. S., & Hakim, R. B. (2000). Well child care in the United States: racial differences in compliance with guidelines. American Journal of Public Health, 90(9), 1436-1443.
Sullivan, M. C., Hawes, K., Winchester, S. B., & Miller, R. J. (2008). Developmental origins theory from prematurity to adult disease. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 37(2), 158-164.
Tinker, A., Parker, R., Lord, D., & Grear, K. (2010). Advancing newborn health: The Saving Newborn Lives initiative. Global Public Health, 5(1), 28-47.
The World Health Report.(2005). Make Every Mother and Child Count. USA.
Victora, C. G., Adair, L., Fall, P.C., Haiial, P. C., Martorell, R., Richter, L., Sachdev, S. S., & for the Maternal and Child Undernutrition Study. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet,
371, 340-357.
WHO(2008, October, 14). Retreived April 24, 2010, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2008/pr38/en/index.html