我國受污染之底泥場址，其多受到多環芳香烴、戴奧辛或重金屬汞等高危害性之化合物所污染，且對於生態環境與人體健康危害甚鉅。本研究係以國外生態風險評估準則作為基礎評估系統，並導入國內某廢棄鹼氯工廠，選擇其海水池中的底泥進行生態風險評估與風險管理建議。
本研究進行初步生態風險評估計算，包含污染程度校正值(mCd)、污染指數(PI)、地質累積指數(I-geo)、潛在生態風險指數(RI)、風險商數(RQ)與生物濃縮因子(BCF)等。計算結果顯示，由mCd與PI指標可知，在算術平均值之結果分別為43.97及61.57，均屬於超高污染程度；在幾何平均值的計算下，mCd為8.01，屬於非常高的污染程度，而PI為11.08仍大於PI指標之上限值。另一評估重金屬(汞)指數I-geo顯示，在算術平均值計算下，I-geo為5.65屬於極度高污染；而在幾何平均值下為3.17屬於嚴重污染。因此，可知底泥污染仍是屬於最高等級之污染程度。再者，由潛在風險指標顯示，在算術平均下，戴奧辛及汞之RI分別為958.25和3006.48，均屬非常高風險；而在幾何平均下，汞之RI為538.82係屬較高風險，戴奧辛之RI為190.67屬中度風險。對於RQ而言，在算術與幾何平均值下結果為汞分別為1634.77和292.98，戴奧辛分別為1025.14和203.98，其計算結果均大於1；因此，顯示底泥中戴奧辛及汞，對於水生生態環境所造成的風險很高。而生物濃縮因子(BCF)顯示整體魚蟹中戴奧辛BCF值(2.70E+3至1.09E+5)較汞的BCF值(25.33至189.67)高出數百倍，且超過指標之上限值5000，表示戴奧辛具有非常高之生物濃縮潛勢；而生物中以海鰱為最高，其次為紅帶海鯡鯉、大鱗魣與鋸齒青蟳等。
本研究提供相關風險管理及整治技術建議，可採行風險基準矯正行動。後續，若進一步深入執行本場址海水池底泥整治目標之評估，建議應進行更細部的生態風險評估，使結果更具代表性，同時亦評估技術與經濟可行性，以擬定適當的風險管理對策，執行最佳風險基準矯治行動，以達到目標及解除場址管制之總體效益。

The polluted sediments in Taiwan and the pollutants are mostly high-risk compounds such as PAHs, dioxin or heavy metal, which are very harmful to the ecological environment and human health. The risk assessment system of this study is based on foreign ecological risk assessment guidelines. And it is used in waste alkali chlorine plants and seawater sediments are selected for ecological risk assessment.
This study collects relevant data from the study site and conducts preliminary ecological risk assessment calculations, including the modified degree of contamination (mCd), pollution index (PI), geoaccumulation index (I-geo), potential ecological risk index (RI), risk quotient (RQ) and bioconcentration factor (BCF). According to the mCd, PI and I-geo, sediment pollution is the highest level of pollution. Furthermore, the RI and RQ show that the pollutants in the sediment pose a high risk to the aquatic ecosystem. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) showed that Dioxin had a very high bioconcentration potential; while the BCF value of aquatic organisms was the highest with Elops machnata.
Overall, the results of the risk assessment should first investigate the hotspot and conduct remedial actions; for aquatic organisms, take preventive actions to control the spread of pollution and avoid harm to the human and the environment again. This study also proposes relevant risk management and remediation technology, and adopt risk-based corrective action (RBCA). In the future, research sites should conduct detailed ecological risk assessments to achieve targets and remove site controls.

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