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研究生： 王鼎中
Wang, Ting-Chung
論文名稱： 一維氧化鋅奈米柱陣列於固態太陽能電池之應用
Application of one-dimensional ZnO nanorod array to solid-state solar cells
指導教授： 吳季珍
Wu, Jih-Jen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2014
畢業學年度： 102
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 183
中文關鍵詞： 氧化鋅奈米柱 、室溫化學浴處理 、金屬表面電漿共振 、有機/無機混成太陽能電池 、鈣鈦礦太陽能電池
外文關鍵詞： ZnO Nanorod, Room-Temperature Chemical Bath Deposition, Surface Plasmonic Effect, Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells
相關次數： 點閱：104  下載：0 
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    • 本研究探討於反轉式P3HT：PCBM/氧化鋅奈米柱陣列異質接面太陽能電池中，加入金屬@絕緣層奈米粒子之效應。本研究以化學浴沉積法成長單晶氧化鋅奈米柱陣列(ZnO nanorod array)作為電子受體，提供電子一直接傳導路徑，再利用旋轉塗佈法將聚(3-己基噻吩) [poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), P3HT]以及富勒烯衍生物[(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, PC61BM]填入氧化鋅奈米柱陣列中，作為主動層材料。結果顯示，加入金屬@絕緣層奈米粒子可有效增加短路電流密度(short-circuit current density)以及改善填充因子(Fill Factor)。其中，以混摻Au@Silica奈米粒子於主動層材料中之太陽能電池有最佳結果，光電轉換效率可有60%的增益，由1.18%提升至1.91%。本研究並分別利用電化學交流阻抗分析(Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic, EIS)、光強度調制光電流分析儀(Intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, IMPS)與時間解析光激螢光光譜(Time-solved photoluminescence, TRPL)分析太陽能電池之載子再結合、電子傳輸與激子(exciton)於太陽能電池中的行為。
    此外，本研究亦使用甲基胺鉛碘取代P3HT：PCBM作為吸光材料，以吸收波長範圍300-800 nm之可見光。以一步驟合成法以及連續式合成法兩種方法將甲基胺鉛碘填入單晶氧化鋅奈米柱陣列中，以組裝鈣鈦礦/氧化鋅奈米柱陣列太陽能電池，其中以連續式合成法具有較高效能，可達Voc~0.86， Jsc~15.20 mA/cm2，FF~0.50，效率為6.50%。

    In this work, in order to enhance the performance of ZnO nanorod (NR)/P3HT:PCBM solar cells, core-shell metal@insulator nanoparticles (NPs) were incorporated into the active layer of P3HT:PCBM. The addition of metal@insulator NPs to ZnONR/P3HT:PCBM hybrid solar cell resulted in the improvements of short circuit current density and fill factor of the hybrid solar cells. A 60% enhancement of the overall power conversion efficiency are achieved in the hybrid solar cell with the addition of Au@Silica NPs.

    摘要 II 謝誌 VII 目錄 IX 表目錄 XIV 圖目錄 XVI 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 太陽能電池2 1-3 研究動機 7 第二章 文獻回顧 9 2-1 太陽能電池 9 2-1-1 太陽能電池工作原理 9 2-1-2 太陽能電池特性與太陽光頻譜照度 9 2-1-3 太陽能電池等效電路 11 2-1-3-1 理想太陽能電池等效電路 11 2-1-3-2實際太陽能電池等效電路 13 2-2 塊材異質接面太陽能電池 19 2-2-1 塊材異質接面太陽能電池簡介 19 2-2-2 塊材異質接面太陽能電池運作原理 21 2-2-3 塊材異質接面太陽能電池發展 30 2-2-3-1雙層異質接面結構 31 2-2-3-2有機塊材異質接面結構 32 2-2-3-3有機無機混成塊材異質接面結構 38 2-2-3-4多孔性異質接面結構 43 2-2-3-4規則性異質接面結構 44 2-3 表面電漿共振特性 47 2-3-1 表面電漿共振簡介 47 2-3-2 表面電漿共振理論 48 2-3-3 表面電漿共振應用於有機塊材異質接面太陽能電池 50 2-3-3-1表面電漿共振金屬於主動層中之應用 51 2-3-3-2表面電漿金屬於電洞傳輸層之應用 56 2-3-3-3表面電漿金屬於各層間界面 59 2-4 氧化鋅性質、結構與應用 60 2-4-1 複層式(hierarchical)氧化鋅奈米結構 61 2-4-2 一維氧化鋅奈米結構於反轉式有機/無機混成太陽能電池之應用. 70 2-4-3 P3HT：PCBM於一維奈米結構之反轉型有機無機混成太陽能電池之應用 80 2-5 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 85 2-5-1 固態太陽能電池簡介 85 2-5-2 鈣鈦礦結構簡介 86 2-5-3 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 89 2-5-3-1鈣鈦礦敏化太陽能電池 90 2-5-3-2多孔性鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 90 2-5-3-3一維金屬氧化物奈米柱鈣鈦礦太陽電池 93 2-5-3-4平面式鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 94 第三章 實驗步驟與研究方法 98 3-1 研究材料 98 3-1-1 成長氧化鋅奈米柱材料 98 3-1-2 組裝反轉式有機/無機混成太陽能電池之材料 98 3-1-3 合成鈣鈦礦材料 99 3-1-4 組裝鈣鈦礦/氧化鋅奈米柱陣列太陽能電池之材料 100 3-2 實驗流程 101 3-2-1 氧化鋅晶種層批覆 102 3-2-2 氧化鋅奈米柱陣列 102 3-2-3 室溫化學浴處理氧化鋅奈米柱陣列 102 3-2-4 合成金屬絕緣層奈米粒子 103 3-2-4-1合成Au@Silica奈米粒子 103 3-2-4-2合成Au@PSMA奈米粒子 103 3-2-4-3合成Ag@Silica奈米粒子 103 3-2-5 P3HT:PCBM/氧化鋅奈米柱陣列有機/無機混成太陽能電池組裝 104 3-2-6 合成甲基胺碘及甲基胺鉛碘鈣鈦礦材料 105 3-2-7 鈣鈦礦/氧化鋅奈米柱太陽能電池組裝 105 3-3 分析與鑑定 106 3-3-1 掃描式電子顯微鏡分析(SEM) 106 3-3-2 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM) 108 3-3-3 X光繞射分析(X-Ray Diffraction Analysis) 110 3-3-4 拉曼光譜分析(Raman Spectroscopy) 111 3-3-5 紫外光-可見光(UV-Vis.)吸收光譜 113 3-3-6 時間解析光激螢光光譜(TRPL) 114 3-3-7 太陽能電池效率量測 115 3-3-8 電化學交流阻抗分析(EIS) 115 3-3-9 光強度調制光譜分析(IMPS&IMVS) 117 第四章 表面電漿共振金屬絕緣奈米粒子於混成太陽能電池之應用 118 4-1 氧化鋅奈米柱陣列結構分析與P3HT：PCBM/氧化鋅奈米柱有機無機混成太陽能電池 118 4-1-1 氧化鋅奈米柱陣列結構分析與鑑定 118 4-1-2 P3HT：PCBM/氧化鋅奈米柱有機無機混成太陽能電池最佳化 121 4-1-2-1 P3HT與PCBM重量比對效率之影響 121 4-1-2-2 P3HT：PCBM厚度對效率之影響 122 4-1-2-3 P3HT濃度對效率之影響 124 4-1-2-4電池組裝方式對效率之影響 126 4-2 添加表面電漿金屬奈米粒子於氧化鋅奈米柱表面於有機/無機太陽能電池之研究 127 4-2-1 添加未包覆絕緣層金奈米粒子對太陽能電池效率之影響 128 4-2-1-1未包覆絕緣層金奈米粒子對太陽能電池之影響 130 4-2-2 金屬絕緣層核殼結構於太陽能電池之應用 132 4-2-2-1金屬絕緣層核殼結構對太陽能電池Jsc之影響 134 4-2-2-2金屬絕緣層核殼結構對載子傳輸及再結合現象之影響 141 4-3 添加金屬絕緣層奈米粒子於氧化鋅奈米柱表面於有機/無機太陽能電池之研究 146 4-3-1 絕緣層厚度對於短路光電流之影響 148 4-3-2 Au@Silica奈米粒子絕緣層厚度對載子傳輸及再結合現象之影響 153 4-4 結論 158 第五章 鈣鈦礦/氧化鋅奈米柱陣列太陽能電池 160 5-1 一步驟合成鈣鈦礦/氧化鋅奈米柱陣列太陽能電池 160 5-2 連續式合成鈣鈦礦/氧化鋅奈米柱太陽能電池 164 5-3 結論 171 第六章 總結論 172 第七章 參考文獻 174

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