研究背景：本研究以「環境行為學」觀點切入國宅社區，觀察高齡者在社交空間的行為-時間-空間之關係，並且針對健康相關活動進行觀察與訪談，此類型之研究較少。

研究目的：本研究主要目的有兩點：第一，探討大鵬新城高齡者的社交行為與空間利用和時間分布之關係為何？特別是在一日時間（6:00AM～12:00PM）及平假日時間（星期三、星期日）之分布以及不同季節（冬季、春季、夏季）之差異。第二，探討大鵬新城高齡者的社交行為主要發生於何種空間特性？特別是不同人口與健康特徵（例如：性別、年紀和輔具）是否與空間特性利用（例如：綠意、通風、摩托車動線、人的動線、遮簷、樓梯斜坡、鋪面、家具、鄰路、道路轉角、視野）有關？以及健康相關活動（例如：健康管理活動、休閒活動）是否與空間特性利用有關？

研究方法與對象：本研究使用田野調查的「觀察法」和「深度訪談法」，為質量性混合分析，範圍是台南市國宅大鵬新城，研究對象為在此社區活動之高齡者，觀察樣本數為416人次，訪談樣本數為9人次。

研究結果：本研究選取8個社交地點進行觀察並且使用11種空間特性將其分類，共有七大重要發現：第一，研究發現在台南市大鵬新城國宅的中高齡者性別與活動空間特性之關係，不論男性女性都喜歡綠意多、通風好和視野好的空間，並且也常在無遮簷、無樓梯斜坡、地磚鋪面的空間活動。其中女性多在人車分離、有大門出入口、有移動式家具和無鄰路的空間，並且比男性偏好在通風的空間。第二，年紀與活動空間特性之關係，發現不論年紀都喜歡綠意多、通風好、非道路轉角和視野好的空間，並且也常在無遮簷、無樓梯斜坡、地磚鋪面的空間活動。其中老年人多在人車分離、有大門出入口、有移動式家具和無鄰路的空間活動。第三，輔具與活動空間特性之關係，研究發現不論有無使用輔具都喜歡在綠意多、人車分離、視野好的空間，並且也常在無遮簷、無樓梯斜坡、地磚鋪面的空間活動。其中有輔具多在有移動式家具和無鄰路的空間活動。第四，不同季節的社交行為與空間利用有其差異，冬季比夏季在社交空間活動的居民多約兩倍，冬季女性多，而夏季男性多，冬夏季皆為非老年人、無輔具多。第五，不同季節的人口與健康特徵和空間特性之關係，冬夏季相同處為性別對綠意、人的動線、遮簷/樓梯斜坡/鋪面、家具、鄰路和視野皆有顯著差異，年紀對摩托車動線、人的動線、遮簷/樓梯斜坡/鋪面、家具、鄰路和道路轉角皆有顯著差異，而輔具對家具皆有顯著差異。相異處為夏季時，女性偏好人車分離、有遮簷/有樓梯斜坡/花崗岩鋪面的空間，老年人偏好有遮簷/有樓梯斜坡/花崗岩鋪面的空間，有輔具者偏好有大門出入口、有遮簷/有樓梯斜坡/花崗岩鋪面、無鄰路的空間。第六，有健康相關活動之空間與無健康相關活動之空間差異，結果發現有健康相關活動會發生在空間綠意多、通風良好、有人車分離、有出入口、有遮簷/樓梯或斜坡/花崗岩鋪面、有移動式桌椅和有道路轉角之空間，而鄰路和視野的需求較低。第七，時間上影響社交行為有季節、一日時間和平假日時間，空間上健康相關活動皆在中小尺度空間、良好的物理環境和多層次有彈性的空間，此外，與一樓的住戶應有適當的中介空間與支援性的公共空間，而天氣亦會影響高齡者行為。

研究結論：未來高齡化社區建議依據社區性別、年紀與輔具比例設計不同空間特性之社交空間，並且設置多個中小尺度、多層次有彈性和可應變天氣的建築元素之健康促進空間。

The overarching goal of this research is to investigate the social demographic and the health related social space associated with social activity environmental characteristics in Tainan Dapeng public housing, including different time and season. The research methods are observation and in-depth interview of the field study which use mixed method analysis. Total amounts of the subjects observed are 416 and the subjects interviewed are 9. The results indicated 1) There is a significant difference between gender, age, assistive devices and space characteristics . Female and the elderly prefer the space characteristics of people and motorcycles separated, with gate entrance, with movable chairs and tables and not near road. People with assistive devices prefer movable furniture and not near road space. 2) The correlations between gender and environmental characteristics are different in winter and summer. In winter, there are more residents having social activity in eight social spaces than summer（268：148）. In summer, female prefer the space that people and motorcycles separated and the space with porch cover, the elderly prefer the space with porch cover, and people with assistive devices prefer the space with gate entrance, with porch cover, and not near road. 3) Health related activities occur in space characteristics of green, well ventilated, people and motorcycles separated, with gate entrance, with porch cover, with stairs and slope, granite paving, movable chairs and tables, and around road corner.

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