近年來，由於數位影像的蓬勃發展，其應用也逐漸溶入人類的生活當中。然而相較於資訊業者致力於影像的編碼及其它影像資料處理技術，控制領域的人則希望能將影像當作是一種感測器，也就是從影像中取出所需要的訊息來當作回饋訊號。所以若能利用影像來知道物體的三維空間座標，就可以對物體位置與姿態進行量測，進而能發展出一套全新的非接觸式量測系統。
　　利用二維的影像來重建三維的空間是進行攝影機校正的主要目的，然而利用二維校正板或三維校正盒都有一個缺點，就是雙眼攝影機系統所建立的三維空間座標只有在校正板平面附近最為準確，離校正板愈遠則其誤差就愈大。因此便限制了立體視覺在三維空間量測的應用性。
　　本研究將使用「合成的立體校正模型」來進行攝影機校正。此校正模型是由一張單一平面的校正板藉由位移所構成的。其不僅能提供正確的校正點三維資訊，而且沒有傳統立體校正模型的視角障礙，更重要的是校正板製作只須要用一般印表機列印即可，不但便宜效果更佳。其次，因為此校正模型的校正點為圓的中心，所以此校正模型也適合進行長距離校正。
　　目前尚無研究影像量測精確度的相關文獻，但是影像量測誤差的確是存在而缺乏討論的，所以本研究藉著誤差分析來找出影像量測系統的較適配置，以降低影像量測誤差。本研究主要分為兩個部分：第一部分是使用「合成的立體校正模型」來進行攝影機校正，再配合平面校正技術並加以改善，以求得最佳的攝影機模型參數；另一部分是透過誤差分析，找出影像量測系統的較適配置以改善影像量測精確度。經由這兩個部分的結合所架構出的半自動非接觸式量測系統，可以使整個工作區域內的影像量測誤差降為使用傳統校正板時的五分之一，對電腦視覺量測應用極具理論擴展與實用價值。

　　In recent years, the applications of digital images have been developed and utilized in human daily life. The information industry is devoted to the image coding or filtering technology. However, for the people of control research, the image is considered as a sensor to provide required information for feedback control purposes. For example, if the world coordinate of an object can be obtained from image data, the location or the attitude of the object can be measured, and a non-contact measurement system can be constructed.
　　The purpose of camera calibration is to reconstruct the world coordinate using two-dimension images. However, there is a drawback in most of camera calibration techniques which use a single two-dimension calibration board or three dimension calibration box. In those studies, the longer the distance between the board and the object to be measured, the worse the measurement error. Therefore, the use of stereo image for three-dimension measurement is limited.
　　This paper proposes a synthetic stereo calibration model for camera calibration which is obtained by a series of parallel motion of a single calibration board. This model provides the exact three-dimension information of the calibration points without any viewpoint obstacles. On the other hand, the calibration patterns are replaced by circles array, so that the model is also suitable for calibration within a range of distance.
　　There is no relative research addressing the measurement error analysis and its improvement for visual-measurement system in the literature. Therefore, the main purpose of this dissertation is to investigate a suitable set-up for the measurement system such that the measurement error is reduced. This paper is composed of two parts. One is to determine the exact camera model parameters using the proposed synthetic stereo calibration model and the improvement of technique using two-dimension calibration board. The other is to investigate a suitable set-up for the measurement system using stereo vision. The proposed semi-automatic non-contact three-dimension measurement system can reduce the measurement error up to one-fifth of that using conventional calibration board. The results are beneficial to the development and application of measurement system using computer vision.

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