本論文首次利用兩片不同的染料摻雜液晶薄膜製作出可電控及可全光控之二維光子晶體扭轉向列型光柵，並且深入探討其光電特性。此二維光子晶體扭轉向列型光柵是藉由在染料摻雜液晶樣品前後兩側同時寫入兩組相互正交的干涉光場而形成。受到吸附在樣品基板表面的Methy1 Red(MR)染料作用力影響，樣品內的液晶會重新排向，經此作用所形成之二維光子晶體光柵具有永久性結構。我們分別使用He-Ne雷射與偏光顯微鏡為偵測工具，觀察樣品的繞射行為及與其對應之光柵圖樣。實驗結果顯示，當一線性偏振光入射此二維光子光柵後，具不同偏振狀態之多階繞射光將於屏幕上呈現二維分布。本論文亦使用一套以Jones matrix為基礎之理論模型對此光子晶體結構及其繞射圖樣進行模擬，模擬與實驗結果相當吻合。此二維光子晶體光柵可藉由外加交流電場加以控制其結構與繞射圖樣。
若在已摻雜MR之液晶樣品內，加入非吸附型染料4-MAB，則此二維光子晶體光柵及其繞射圖樣亦可達到全光調控性能。此全光調控性機制是歸因於樣品內部4-MAB染料分子依序於照射UV與綠光之後，分別進行trans-cis與cis-trans back之同素異構化反應，進而帶動液晶產生nematic→isotropc與isotropc→nematic相變。

This thesis develops and investigates for the first time two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PC) twisted-nematic (TN) gratings with electrical and all-optical controllabilities based on two distinct dye-doped liquid crystal (DDLC) films. The 2D PC TN gratings are written by the simultaneous and reverse exposure of two orthogonal interfering fields on the DDLC cells. The mechanism for the permanent formation of the 2D PC gratings is attributable to the molecular reorientation of the LCs as a result of their interaction with the Methy1 Red (MR) dyes adsorbed on the surface of the cell substrates. The diffraction features and the grating pattern are studied with the probe of He-Ne laser beam and under a polarizing optical microscope with cross and parallel polarizers, respectively experimental results indicate that the 2D PC gratings diffract the linearly polarized incident light into 2D distributed beams with various polarization states. A model based on the Jones matrix approach is developed , and it closely fits experimental results of the PC structures and the diffraction patterns. The structure and the diffraction pattern of the 2D PC grating can be controlled to disappear or emerge by the presence of an AC external field.
With added unadsorbed dyes, 4-MAB, in the MR-doped LC cell, the structure and the diffraction pattern of the formed 2D PC grating can be also all-optically controlled. The all-optical controllability of the grating is attributed to the nematic (N) → isotropic (I) and I → N phase transitions of the LCs due to the UV-induced trans-cis and the green-beam-induced cis-trans back isomerizations of the 4-MAB dyes, respectively, in the bulk of the cell.

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