相較於日本及歐美等先進國家已建立完整的建築物長期修繕計畫，目前國內仍未普遍受到重視。儘管近年因社會發展及公共安全等議題受到重視，國內也進行相關的探討與研究，但公共建築物由於缺乏長期修繕計畫的參考資料，往往只能被動的針對建築物一時的劣化情況，來編列預算進行修繕。為改善國內對於建築物長期修繕計畫的欠缺，本研究透過文獻探討建築物之維護修繕及營運、國內外公共建築長期修繕計畫內容架構與運作方式，提擬初步長期修繕計畫架構後，再導入國立雲林科技大學工程學院之實際修繕情況進行修繕計畫的分析，進而提出可供國內大專院校建築物後續長期修繕計畫之參考，以進一步完善國內公共建築相關修繕計畫與實際工程之進行。

本研究經參考國內外建築物長期修繕計畫相關文獻後，並依據學校場域特性及實際運作方式將長期修繕計畫表研擬分為土建部位、機電設備系統共計五大類、十九項之內容：
第一類：假設工程：僅假設工程一項（土建部位）
第二類：建築工程：外部/屋頂、外牆、地板、器具；內部/平頂、牆面、地板、器具，共計八大項(土建部位）
第三類：設備：電氣、給排水衛生、消防、空調排氣、昇降、弱電共計六大項（機電設備系統）
第四類：外部構造：外部結構及附屬設施一項(土建部分）
第五類：其他工程：調查診斷與設計工程、長期修繕計畫研擬、性能提升工程等三大項。

本研究將學校工程學院6棟建築物於88年至108年間(不含90年)修繕資料導入所提擬之初步長期修繕計畫表進行分析，其中以「空調排氣設備」累計修繕次數583次最多(25.49%)，其次為「建築(內部)器具」199次(8.70%)及「弱電設備」181次(7.91%)等；在累計修繕金額方面，以「性能提升工程項目」1,759萬5,746元最高(25.69%)，其次為「空調排氣設備」經費：1,020萬3,665元(14.90%)及「建築屋頂防水」：1,015萬6,530元(14.83%)。

為研擬學校建築物長期修繕計畫，本研究以工程二館進行模擬應用操作，在與實際修繕情況進行比較分析後，得出以下之結果：
1.模擬應用操作對建築物維護採計畫式維護修繕，而實際修繕則是採發生劣化後的回應式維護修繕，也因此兩者會產生初次修繕週期與修繕經費出現差異之情形。
2.在比較模擬操作與實際修繕之經費後，有以下之結果：
(1)無論模擬操作或實際修繕，設備修繕經費均高於建築修繕經費。
(2)在性能提升工程項目，因模擬操作時因無法確認修繕項目內容故無法估算；而在實際執行時，通常須配合政策及教學需求等因素配合辦理如無障礙、節能及安全等項目，且佔據第五類(其他工程)修繕經費比重高，此外本項目的修繕週期也易受補助年度、學生安全、教學研究需要等外在因素影響而有所差異。
3.模擬應用時無法推估修繕次數，未來可藉由實際修繕情況導入修正，並將常發生修繕之項目列為修繕重點。
4.依長期修繕計畫表五大類之比較結果及建議如下：
(1)假設工程：修繕週期通常需配合外牆修繕工程週期進行調整。
(2)建築工程：屋頂防水(外露)、外牆混凝土(接縫)與磁磚、室內平頂(天花板)及牆面油漆等項目，自修繕起始年後，因材料(設備)持續劣化，其平均修繕週期相較於文獻有縮短之情形；另內部之門窗(更新)實際修繕週期與文獻週期相近，均為15年。
(3)設備工程：電氣之燈具、配電盤類、緊急發電機(零件)更新、給(排)水管(養護)、火災警報設備、昇降機(電子板)及弱電(網路、監視、門禁)等項目之實際修繕週期與文獻週期相近；另空調排氣及衛生器具等項目，自修繕週期起始年後，因材料(設備)持續劣化，之後的平均修繕週期有縮短之情形。
(4)外部構造：受人車通行及樹根隆起影響，實際修繕週期(9~12年)比文獻週期(15年)短，未來應用時，宜考慮周邊環境條件所產生的影響。
(5)其他工程：從實際修繕的內容來看，目前學校仍無辦理建築物調查診斷設計及長期修繕計畫製作等項目；在性能提升工程項目部分，以無障礙設施經費最高，且佔修繕經費比重高(31.73％)，同時修繕週期也受到補助年度的影響而非依實際劣化情形來辦理；另安全與其他工程(如監視設備系統、網路升級)項目，其修繕週期則易受到學生安全、教學研究需要、科技進步等外在因素或新建工程減項發包所影響。未來應用時，除了預先辦理建築物調查診斷來提擬長期修繕計畫外，亦需配合以上情況，考慮個別項目所可能受到的影響。

未來各校可透過全面調查各棟建築物常見之修繕問題、修繕方式、修繕週期與修繕費用等歷史資料，逐步累積長期修繕相關數據與資料庫，據以研擬完整的長期修繕計畫與因應之財務規劃，除可藉此檢視各階段所肇致之問題外，並可作為爾後設計、施工、營運與修繕管理改善之參考。

Compared with the integral building long-term repair plans set up in Japan and in some advanced countries of Europe and America, such plans have not been valued commonly in our country currently. The residents in Taiwan have paid more attention to the issues of social development and public safety so that related exploration and research have been conducted. However, due to the shortage of data offered by a long-term repair plan, public buildings with temporary deterioration are usually just compiled a budget for renovation passively. With the purpose of improving the lack of building long-term repair plans in Taiwan, the study, through a literature review, investigated the building maintenance, repair and operations, as well as explored the content and operating pattern of the long-term repair plans in domestic and foreign public buildings. Right after a framework of long-term repair plan was drafted, the practical building maintenance data in the National Yunlin University of Science and Technology was imported into the repair plan for analyzing, and then generated the results as reference for the colleges in Taiwan to proceed follow-up building long-term repair project. Furthermore, the results could enhance the relevant repair plans and the operation of actual construction of public buildings in Taiwan.

After reviewing domestic and foreign relevant literatures about building long-term repair plans, on the basis of the school regional features and practical manipulating method, the study designed a long-term repair plan and divided the practical data into five categories, 19 items of building engineering works, mechanical and electrical equipment systems as follows:
I.Temporary work: Temporary work (building engineering).
II.Building: Eight main items, building engineering including four exterior subitems: roof, exterior walls, floors, and appliances; four interior subitems: flat topped-ceiling, wall coating, floors and appliances (building engineering).
III.Equipment: Six main items, mechanical and electrical equipment including electric apparatus lighting included, water supply and drainage sanitary equipment engineering, hydrant equipment, air-conditioning and exhaust system, elevator, and light current system.
IV.Building façade: One main item including exterior structure and appurtenant work (building engineering).
V.Other: Three main items including survey, diagnosis and design project, long-term repair plan design, and performance promotion items.

The study imported maintenance and replacement data of six buildings in College of Engineering from 1999 to 2019, excluding the year of 2011, into the drafted long-term repair plan to analyze, and got the results in order of frequency were: "air-conditioning and exhaust system" at 583 times (25.49%), “interior of residential units” at 199 times(8.70%), and “light current equipment” at 181 times(7.91%). The results in order of accumulative repair costs were: “performance promotion items’’ for $17,595,746 (25.69%), " air-conditioning and exhaust system" for $10,203,665(14.90%), and “building roof waterproof” for $10,156,530(14.83%).

To develop a long-term repair plan for school buildings, the study use Building 2 in the College of Engineering to conduct a simulation study. After comparing and analyzing with practical maintenance and replacement records, the results were as follows:
1.The simulation study referred to a planned maintenance method, while the practical repair was a responsive maintenance method, just undertaken in response to certain building deterioration. It caused the first time disagreement between the repair cycle and the repair costs.
2.After comparing the costs of the simulation with those of the practical repair records, the results were as follows:
(1)Regardless of the simulation operation or the practical repair, the costs of equipment repair are higher than those of the building repair.
(2)The costs of performance promotion items could not be estimated because the repaired content could not be identified while simulation was conducted. When operating renovation, the school authority usually had to coordinate with the policy and teaching required factors, such as accessibility, energy-saving, safety, and so on. The performance promotion items account for the highest proportion of maintenance and replacement costs in the fifth category(the other category). Besides, the difference of the renovation cycle could easily be affected by external factors, like subsidy year, student safety, teaching research requirements.
3.The repaired frequency could not be estimated when the simulation was conducted. The flaw could be corrected by importing practical repair records and set the frequent repaired items as the prime concern to maintenance in the future.
4.The results and suggestions based on the five categories of the long-term repair plan were as follows：
(1)Temporary work: The renovation cycle was usually adjusted to coordinating with the exterior wall coating cycle.
(2)Building: After investigating the exterior roof waterproof(exposed position), the exterior wall concrete(joint) and the tiles, interior flat topped-ceiling and wall coating, because the materials kept deteriorating from the first year of renovation cycle, the average of the renovation cycle, compared with the facts of literature, tended to decrease; furthermore, the real renovation cycle of interior appliances, like doors and windows, was 15 years, close to that in the literature.
(3)Equipment: After the investigation of the real renovation cycle of the electric apparatus and lighting, the distribution board system, changing parts of the emergency generator, maintenance of water supply and drainage pipes, hydrant equipment, the elevators(electronic board), and light current(network equipment, supervisory equipment, security control system) , the practical renovation cycles of these items were close to those in the literature. As the equipment kept deteriorating starting with the year of renovation cycle, the cycle tended to reduce averagely.
(4)Building façade: The damage from the pedestrians and vehicles and from the roots of trees caused the renovation cycle to be 9-12 years, shorter than that in the literature, 15 years. When comes to application in the future, the effects caused by surrounding environment had to be considered.
(5)Other: Referring to practical repaired content, the school authority did not have any items of investigation, diagnosis and design about building long-term repair plans. In terms of performance promotion items, the highest of the costs ratio, 31.73%, was accessible facility. The renovation cycle was affected by the subsidy year as well. As for security and other certain projects, like supervisory equipment, network upgrade, renovation cycle would be easily affected by many exterior factors, such as student safety, teaching research requirements, and technological development, or affected by the subtracting contract of a new construction. When the plan is practiced in the future, examining and diagnosing a building in advance to design a long-term repair plan; conforming with the circumstances above, all the influence of every item has to be taken into consideration.

Through checking every building overall to find historical records of common repair problems, repair methods, renovation cycles, and repair costs, the school authorities could accumulate related long-term repaired data and databases to design a long-term repair plan and to meet financial programs; moreover, it was time for them to examine every problem caused at every phase in order that the results could be reference to improving the following design, construction, operation, renovation, and management.

一、國內文獻
1.王雅慧(2004)。大學實驗型教學校舍生命週期成本分析－著重營運維護管理階段。國立台灣大學碩士論文，台北市。
2.王文楷(2006)。我國建築師服務品質之研究。國立成功大學建築系碩士論文，台南市。
3.杜功仁(2018)。建築物長期修繕計畫與經費編列研究成果。取自台灣物業管理學會http://tipm.org.tw/Download/News/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E4%BF%AE%E7%B9%95%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E8%AB%96%E8%88%87%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8.pdf。
4.杜功仁、蔡彰純、吳婉茹（2019）。公寓大廈類建築物生命週期「修繕週期與費用」之基礎資料調 查與應用。科技部補助專題研究計畫成果報告。
5.林錫勳(2006)。台灣建物與設備長期修繕計劃問題研析，物業管理論文研討會論文集彙編(第一~四屆) 頁22-4，中華民國物業管理經理人協會，台北市。
6.徐源德(2005)。大樓裝修設備管理好好學。台北市：永然文化出版股份有限公司。
7.黃世孟(1999)。建築企劃論。台北市：建築情報出版社。
8.黃世孟、郭斯傑、周鼎金(2002)。各級學校校舍維護管理參考作業手冊。教育部研究報告，台北市。
9.陳燕菁(1997)。學校建築維護管理制度之探討－以台北市國民小學為例。國立台灣大學碩士論文，台北市。
10.陳瑞玲、林憲德(2001)。台灣建築生命週期使用年限調查之研究。內政部建築研究所研究報告，台北市。
11.陳姵紋(2008)。從物業管理之觀點探討學校建築物之修繕管理機制－以雲科大為例。國立雲林科技大學碩士論文，雲林縣。
12.張智元、黃世孟、郭斯傑(2004)。國內學校建築自主性維護管理機制之研究(營建管理季刊，60卷，頁1~11)，台北市。
13.張智元(2006)。建築醫學之概念與應用機制研究。國立台灣大學博士論文，台北市。
14.楊詩弘(譯)(2018)。長期修繕計畫製作指針(原日本國土交通省長期修繕計画作成ガイドライン)。長期修繕計畫標準樣式。日本國土交通省。
15.劉京翰(2005)。導入建築物生命週期觀念之物業管理系統。國立中央大學碩士論文，桃園市。
16.魏嘉雄(2003)。建築物更新計畫之生命週期管理探討－以國際觀光旅館為例。國立台北科技大學土木與防災研究所碩士論文，台北市。
17.羅紫萍、張玉萍(2014)。校園常見修繕修繕項目分析。景文科技大學碩士論文，台北市。
18.行政院主計總處(2020)。財物標準分類。取自https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=43869&CtNode=6335&mp=1。
19.國立雲林科技大學營繕組 (2020)。保養維修作業。取自file:///D:/+BackUp+/Downloads/AGB-02-01.pdf。
20. 國立雲林科技大學(2020)。校園配置。取自 https://www.yuntech.edu.tw/index.php/2019-08-20-05-41-28

二、國外文獻
1.Griffin,J.J.(1993)。Life cycle cost analysis: A decision aid.Life cycle costing for construction,J.W. Bull,ed.,Blackie Academic and Professional,London。
2.Rowe,d.p,(1999)。Whole life performance strategy：beyond incremental cost and service life.Durability of Building Materials and Components 8,1699~1706。
3.Shear,Mel A.,(1983)。Handbook of Building Maintenance Management, Reston Publishing Company,Virginia。
4.日本國土交通省（2008年6月）。長期修繕計画標準様式。日本。
5.田邊邦男(2003)。マソツヨソの長命化とクﾞレｰﾄﾞア計畫。日本：日本建築技術雜誌NO.642(頁102~103)。
6.松村秀一(2016)。建築再生学-Chapter03既存建物の健康状態を診る。日本：市ケ谷出版社。
7.國土技術政策總合研究所（2005）。公共建築の部位・設備の特性等を踏まえた中長期修繕計画策定及び運用のた めのマニュアル（案）」。日本國土交通省研究成果報告。
8.獨立行政法人建築研究所(2002訂正)。既有公寓主體的劣化度調查診斷技術手冊。日本：獨立行政法人建築研究所。