利用非常便宜之醣類化合物有效捕集化學機械研磨(chemical mechanical polishing (CMP))廢水中之高量奈米銅(52%)及銅離子(48%)，有利於高科技產業之水回收及再生，尤其將其轉化為高價值之奈米銅碳核殼(Cu@C)材料，再應用於光電元件(CPU及LED)之散熱(熱介面散熱材料(themral interface materials (TIMs)及熱管(heat pipes))及熱獵殺惡性腫瘤成為本研究之重點。
實驗結果顯示，可溶性澱粉可螯合CMP廢水中之銅，形成錯合物，在673~773 K下，粉體碳化生成Cu@C奈米材料，類似方法也可合成其他金屬：Ni、Ag及雙金屬或合金等奈米粒子，藉由調控可溶性澱粉及金屬離子之莫耳比例，可合成具可調性、單一粒徑之奈米核殼材料，其外層碳膜(約3~5 nm)可以避免奈米金屬核氧化或團聚。
合成之奈米Cu@C(Cu size = 14 nm) 添加 (5%)於商用散熱膏(Y-500)中，可增加熱導係數(W/m-K)至少60%，添加Cu粒徑較小(7 nm)或粒徑較大之Cu@C(80 nm)於散熱膏中也可增加熱導係數10~30%。另外，添加之Cu@C，除成本非常低，由於長期處於高溫之CPU散熱膏，事實上更加有利，因為散熱膏中之殘餘氧易被碳殼消耗，形成奈米金屬銅，大幅增加熱導係數，也降低散熱膏中有機物劣化反應速率，可提升其之效率及使用期限。
蒸氣重組(steam reforming)奈米碳殼(shrinking of carbon)之反應動力結果指出，奈米銅(7 nm)可催化反應，其反應活化能(Ea) (165.5 kJ mol-1)低於中空碳殼(H@C)之反應活化能(240.5 kJ mol-1)。另外，結合奈米銅具高表面積、熱導性等優勢及奈米碳殼蒸氣重組之反應動力結果，奈米Cu@C塗佈、燒結成熱管毛細結構，可大幅提升熱管之散熱性能。
由光熱轉換實驗得知，經28 W/cm2之近紅外光雷射(809 nm)照射30分鐘，可提升奈米M@C (M : = Cu, Ag, Ni, Cu/Ag, CuNi)粒子之溫度，其中又以Cu@C (Cu size = 14 nm)溫度上升最為明顯(ΔT = 20 K)，而在雷射功率51 W/cm2之下，溫度上升高達30 K，顯示M@C材料具良好之光熱轉換效率，可應用於熱獵殺惡性腫瘤。

Copper (CuO (52%) and Cu2+ (48%)) in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater can be effectively enriched with saccharides. In addition to recycling of copper from the CMP wastewater, the core-shell nanoparticles (Cu@C) can be synthesized by carbonization of copper-saccharides complexes. The Cu@C core-shell nanoparticles have been studied to explore potential applications in thermal interface materials (TIMs) and thermal dissipation of CPU and LED as well as photothermal cancer therapy.
A simple and inexpensive method for synthesis of M@C (M: Cu, Ni, Ag, bimetallic or alloy metals) with saccharides as the carbon source has been developed. By adjusting C/M ratios, nanosize-controllable metal (Cu) encapsulated in the carbon shells (thickness = 3-5 nm) can be synthesized by carbonization of the metal-starch complexes at 673-773 K. The carbon shells can prevent the nanosize core metal from oxidation and aggregation.
Expetimentally, dispersion of a small amount (5%) of the Cu@C nanoparticles (Cu size = 14 nm) in a commercial thermal grease (Y-500), its thermal conductivity can be increased by at least 60%. The smaller (7 nm) or larger (80 nm) Cu in the Cu@C nanoparticles cause an increase of the thermal conductivity by 10-30%. In addition, for the long-time heat-dissipation applications, the shell carbon may consume the residual oxygen (C+O2CO2) in the grease and expose the core copper for a better thermal conductivity (391 W/m-K).
Kinetic parameters of shrinking of carbon on Cu@C by steam refoming have been obtained. The Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) for shrinking of the carbon on Cu@C with Cu sizes of 7 nm is 165.5 kJ mol-1, which are much less than that (Ea = 240.5 kJ mol-1) of the hollow carbon sphere (H@C) with cage size of 7 nm at 573-973 K. Thermal dissipation of heat pipes can be enhanced with coating of Cu by shrinking of the carbon from Cu@C on the internal surfaces of heat pipes.
The photothermal behaviors of metals and alloys encapsulated in carbon shells has been investigated with the NIR laser. The temperature raise of the Cu@C with Cu size of 14 nm under the exposure of an 809 nm Ti sapphire femtosecond laser with the power of 51 W/cm2 is 30 K. The core-shell nanoparticles with an excellent photothermal characteristic have immense potential for photothermal therapy of eradicated malignant tumors.

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王鴻博、黃建樺、邱育民、蔡俊國，"可調粒徑奈米核殼材料之合成方法"，中華民國專利申請中。