| 研究生: |
王華婉 Wang, Hua-Wan |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
RC與加強磚造建築物震害分級基準驗證之研究 A study of Validation on an Earthquake Damage Evaluation Procedure for RC and Confined Masonry Buildings |
| 指導教授: |
杜怡萱
Tu, Yi-Hsuan |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture |
| 論文出版年: | 2013 |
| 畢業學年度: | 101 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 183 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 震害 、損害判定 、鋼筋混凝土 、加強磚造 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | earthquake damage, damage evaluation, reinforced concrete, confined masonry |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:123 下載:2 |
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摘 要
台灣之地震活動頻繁,建築物常遭受震害。有鑑於震後各專業單位採用不同震害分級標準或記錄格式,在結構物進行震害判定時易產生誤差,本文針對區麗貞建立之「RC與加強磚造建築物震害程度分級基準表」進行改進與重新驗證。
本研究採問卷勾選之方式進行損害評估,其判定內容包含非結構物、梁、柱、牆等結構物之損害以及層間殘餘變位比項目,整體震害等級乃針對受損情況最為嚴重之樓層與構件進行勾選,此延續前述研究以專業人員進行問卷填寫之方式,乃為探討基準表應用於中度震損狀況之鑑別性。本研究將填寫者依其專業領域分為建築師、土木結構技師與震害研究員,要求其觀察震害案例照片與填寫評估表格,再由研究人員根據其填答結果進行損害等級判定,是為表格判定結果。同時,再請填寫者另依主觀判斷選擇結構整體損害等級,是為主觀判定結果。本文藉由表格判定結果與主觀判定結果之比較,探討震害分級基準之合理性與可行性。
本研究增加含RC牆RC造建築物之案例樣本,並建置網路平台以擴大專業人員問卷填寫規模,更針對問卷填寫者舉辦震害講習說明會以瞭解勘災前的專業講習是否對震害判定結果造成影響。整體而言,表格判定結果與主觀判定結果具有相同之趨勢,但本文震害分級基準較主觀判斷略為保守;藉由專業族群之分類,顯示表格判定可減少不同族群間主觀判定之分歧;而參加震害講習與否對主觀判定與表格判定結果皆未有明顯影響。此外,針對表格判定分歧之案例檢視填寫者於基準表之原始作答狀況,其原因包含RC梁柱剪力裂縫寬度之誤判、主次要RC牆之混淆與不同填寫者對結構物的認知差異。綜合上述並根據裂縫寬度判定與主觀認定震害等級關係之探討,本文維持原分級基準表裂縫寬度項目之判定區間,但最大層間殘餘變位比調整為與現行內政部震災後緊急鑑定作業基準相符之數值,並增列「其他」欄位以使震害評估者於特殊情況下可調整震害等級。
本研究再利用靜態加載之校舍現地試驗與三分之一RC校舍縮尺模型之振動台試驗結果,對修正過後之震害分級基準表進行再次驗證,發現現地試驗試體之各損害等級分界皆較RC校舍縮尺模型振動台試體晚發生,主要原因為現地試驗無法提供裂縫寬度與層間變位比項目之判定。此外,修正後震害分級基準與內政部現行鑑定基準判定之損害分級區間幾為相符,顯示本文震害分級基準合理可行,應可取代或補充現行緊急鑑定基準之RC與加強磚造部分。
關鍵詞:震害、損害判定、鋼筋混凝土、加強磚造
ABSTRACT
Earthquake damage is a major issue for buildings in Taiwan. However, Different damage evaluation standards and data formats were used by different inspectors, causing misunderstandings in processing damage evaluation of buildings. Therefore, this thesis is aimed at improving and validating a damage evaluation procedure for RC and confined masonry buildings established in former research.
The evaluation procedure is a simple check list consists of non-structural component damage, structural components (beam/column/wall) damage, and residual drift. The overall damage state is determined by the severest damage condition checked. Following the former research, questionnaires to professionals are used to study how the evaluation procedure is capable of discriminating moderate damage states. Professionals including architects, structural engineers, and researchers were asked to observe damaged building examples with provided pictures and fill the evaluation form, but determine the overall damage state according to their subjective judgment. Another damage state is determined by the author in accordance with the filled form. The accuracy and applicability of the evaluation procedure is then studied by comparing the form-determined damage state and the subjectively judged result.
RC building examples with RC walls were added in this research. An internet-based questionnaire platform is established to reduce the paperwork and enlarge the number of evaluators. A lecture on earthquake damage for the evaluators was performed to study the effect of training in advance of damage evaluation. The questionnaire result shows that the form-determined and subjectively judged damage states are close, and the form-determined one is lightly stricter. The form-determined damage states shows less difference between professionals from different back grounds than the subjectively judged ones. However, the training in advance of the damage evaluation shows little effect on the result. A few building examples has larger dispersion in the form-determined damage states than in the subjectively judged ones. The questionnaire answers for these buildings were thoroughly examined. Most of the errors are found to come from the misunderstanding of the evaluators, such as mistaken crack width and misidentification for member types. Since the errors did not come from the procedure itself, the evaluation procedure is not majorly modified, only the division for residual story drift is changed to correspond with the damage evaluation procedure by the Construction and Planning Agency. A blank space is also added for recording special damage condition that is not covered in the check list.
The modified evaluation procedure is then validated by comparing with in-situ pushover tests of school buildings and shaking table tests of one-third scale RC building specimens. It is found that the divisions between damage states in the in-situ specimens are usually showed at larger drift than in the shaking table specimens. The main reason is the lack of crack width and residual drift data in the in-situ tests. The evaluation procedure by the Construction and Planning Agency is also used to evaluate the specimens. Good agreement is found in the results from both procedures.
Keywords: earthquake damage, damage evaluation, reinforced concrete, confined masonry
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