台灣特有種植物樟科楨楠屬香楠(Machilus zuihoensis Hayata)上已發現數種造癭癭蚋，本研究比較生長在香楠葉片上的五種癭蚋蟲癭─長壺狀、短壺狀、鼠狀、倒卵狀以及水泡狀蟲癭，探討各型蟲癭發育過程中形態與組織結構發生的差異性與功能性。利用野外觀察記錄五型香楠葉部蟲癭的形態發育，並依據形態特徵區分發育階段，同時取樣製作蟲癭石蠟切片，再以光學顯微鏡鏡檢比較各發育階段的組織結構、單寧分布變化，以及五型蟲癭之間的差別。結果顯示：長壺狀、短壺狀、鼠狀蟲癭之發育時間相近，起始於2-3月，至翌年2-3月於葉面上羽化；倒卵狀蟲癭起始於2-3月，12月至隔年1月間蟲癭連蟲自葉上掉落：水泡狀蟲癭則有兩次發生，分別為3-4月及6-9月，是唯一在香楠春夏兩季抽芽期都會發生的蟲癭，癭蚋以幼蟲離開成熟蟲癭。組織結構方面，長壺狀與短壺狀蟲癭主要的差異在微管束的分布、壺口部位細胞延長的情形，以及皮層增生狀況；鼠狀蟲癭表皮特有的絨毛在突破葉表前就已開始發育，此外鼠狀蟲癭突破葉表後即貼向葉面生長，伴隨皮層及厚壁層不均勻增生；倒卵狀蟲癭在膨大時累積大量澱粉粒，但厚壁層僅分佈於癭室近基部處；水泡狀蟲癭發育過程中蟲癭部位之柵狀細胞增大，其他組織特化增生不明顯，屬於組織癭。單寧主要分布於水泡狀外四型蟲癭之著生處以及蟲癭皮層。除水泡型蟲癭之外，四型蟲癭發育過程中組織分化由蟲癭基部往端部進行，具分裂能力的細胞主要分布於營養層以及較靠近蟲癭端部之皮層，並隨著蟲癭成熟逐漸失去分裂分化能力。比較國外學者所統整的四期蟲癭發育階段─初始形成期、成長分化期、成熟期以及癭體開裂期，五型香楠葉部蟲癭在成長分化期期間有較多的組織變化差異，也是影響各型蟲癭形態的主要時期。

Several gall midge species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) have been found on Machilus zuihoensis Hayata (Lauraceae). This study is aimed to compare the morphology and histogeny during development of five cecidomyiid leaf galls on M. zuihoensis, including urn-shaped gall, small urn-shaped gall, obovate gall, hairy oblong gall, and blister gall. Morphological development of galls was observed in the field, and divided into several development stages by morphological characteristics. Gall samples in each development stages was collected, and examined under light microscope to investigate histologic changes and tannin distribution dissimilarity between gall development stages, and differences among five gall types. The results show that urn-shaped gall, small urn-shaped gall and hairy oblong gall perform similar development time period, which initiate in February and March, and adult gall midge leave galls in the next year. Obovate gall initiates in February and March, and galls drop form leave to ground with larva after gall maturation in December and next January. Blister gall was found both in March to April, and June to September, and larva leaves galls after gall maturation. Urn-shaped gall is different with small urn-shaped gall manly in the distribution of vascular bundles, cell elongation at the outer top region of gall, and the thickness of gall cortex. Hair-like structure can only be found on hairy oblong gall, and it initiates before gall tissue break through leave surface. In addition, gall tissue of hairy oblong gall growth parallel with leave after break through leave surface, with secondary metabolites accumulate in cortex far from leave surface. Obovate gall accumulate abundant of starch grains in cortex during horizontal growth of gall. The gall midges inducing blister gall are considered as a more primitive species then others due to no significant tissue differentiation during all development stage of blister galls except for larger palisade tissue cells, and it’s the one which larva leaves gall and pupates outside. Tannin accumulation occurs in gall-attached region of leave and gall cortex, except for blister galls. Compare with the four development phase which has been published, the main anatomic differences between five types of leave gall during gall development occur in the growth and differentiation phase, in which form distinguish morphology of each gall types.

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