第一型干擾素是一個具有抗病毒、抗細胞增生及免疫調控功能的細胞激素家族，並且在先天免疫對抗病毒增殖上扮演重要的角色。 在最近腸病毒71型臨床分離株的分子遺傳學研究中指出，有四種病毒基因型流行於東南亞與澳洲。 然而，這些研究在個別病毒基因型與腸病毒71型有關的臨床病徵的關聯性方面尚無法提供有力的證據。 另一方面，一些研究則指出某些宿主因素也許在腸病毒71型的致病過程扮演更重要的角色。 本研究的目的是要測試第一型干擾素是否在控制腸病毒71型感染這方面扮演一個重要的角色。
　　在腸病毒71型小鼠感染模式中，我們證明給予類固醇類藥物 dexsamethosome 的處理加重了感染小鼠的臨床症狀以及組織中病毒的數量。 另一方面，已知可以在體內引發大量第一型干擾素產生的人工合成雙股核醣核酸類似物 poly (I:C) 則能有效的保護感染小鼠對抗腸病毒71型的感染。給予 poly (I:C) 的處理提高了腸病毒71型感染小鼠的存活率並且降低其組織中病毒的數量。給予 poly (I:C) 的處理也能增加脾臟中 B220+/CD11c+ 細胞的比例以及樹突狀細胞 (dendritic cells) MHCⅡ 分子或α干擾素的表現。此外，是給予 poly (I:C) 處理而不是腸病毒71型感染在 ICR 小鼠體內造成第一型干擾素表現的增加。在其他的實驗中，我們使用對抗鼠科第一型干擾素抗體來中和腸病毒71型感染小鼠體內內生性的第一型干擾素。這樣的處理在腸病毒71型感染小鼠造成較低的存活率以及較高的組織內病毒數量。另外，在給予腸病毒71型感染小鼠第一型干擾素重組蛋白的實驗則證明了第一型干擾素在感染後早期的時間點給予方能保護小鼠對抗腸病毒71型的感染。
　　在體外實驗，我們發現第一型干擾素也能保護三種人類細胞 (SK-N-SH, RD, 和 Caco-2) 免於腸病毒71型感染所造成的細胞病變。基於以上實驗結果，我們相信第一型干擾素應該是影響腸病毒71型感染造成疾病進程其中一個重要的宿主因素並且立即的α干擾素療程也許可考慮為一治療方法。

　　Type I interferon, a family of cytokines with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects, plays a key role in innate control of virus replication. Recent molecular genetic studies of EV71 isolates indicate that four distinct viral genotypes circulated in East and Southeast Asia and Australia. However, these studies have not provided conclusive evidence for an association between particular viral genotypes and the EV71-associated clinical entities. On the other hand, some studies indicate that host factors might be more important in EV71 pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to test whether that type I IFN might play a role in controlling EV71 infection.
　　In a murine EV71 infection model, we demonstrated that dexsamethosome treatment (5 mg/kg, i.p., day 2 or 3 after infection) exacerbated the clinical symptoms and increased tissue viral titer in EV71-infected mice (3-day-old, i.p. inoculated with 4 X 106 PFU). On the other hand, poly (I:C) (10 μg/mouse, i.p., 12 h before infection), a double-strand RNA analog which can induce type I interferon in vivo, protected mice against EV71 challenge. Poly (I:C) increased the survival rate and decreased tissue viral titers of EV71-infected mice. Poly (I:C) treatment also could increase both the percentage of B220+/CD11c+ cells and the expression of MHCⅡ molecule or IFN-α of dendritic cells. Furthermore, poly (I:C) but not EV71-infection increased type I IFN production in ICR mice. In other experiments, we used anti-murine-type I IFN antibody (10,000 IU/mouse, i.p. two times, 6 h before and 12h after infection) to neutralize endogenous type I IFN in EV71 infected-mice (1~2 × 106 PFU, i.p.). This treatment resulted in a lower survival rate and a higher tissue viral titer in virus-infected mice. In addition, administrated murine type I IFN recombinant protein to EV71-infected mice (10,000 IU/mouse, i.p. three times at post infection day 0, 1, 2; 1, 2, 3 or 3, 4, 5) demonstrated that type I IFN could protect mice from EV71 challenge while given only at early time point after infection.
　　In vitro, we found that type I interferon protected human cell lines including SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma), RD (rhabdomyosarcoma), and Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) from virus cytopathic effect. Based on these studies, we believe that type I IFN should be one of the important host factor to influence disease progression of EV71 infection and that immediate IFN-α therapy may be considered as a treatment regimen.

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