近年來，三維數碼城市的的需求正逐漸成長中，各種不同的組織或機構均嘗試在常見的處理程序中引進三維空間資訊之相關技術及其應用。隨著相關技術的發展，具使用性之三維空間參考資料的數量、精度及類型也跟著多元化，但隨之而來的問題包括過度重複的資料建構，或者具較高應用價值的資訊其使用不夠充份，因而導致低效率的投資及過高的成本。此外，由於在空間資料基礎建設(SDI)中，三維空間資訊缺乏具通用性的處理及使用方式，故與三維空間域之相關應用知識仍然相當不足。為滿足將二維資料擴展至三維空間中應用之需求，須利用所提出的新技術把傳統的SDI改良成三維空間資料基礎建設(3D SDI)。在3D SDI中，前述問題皆能透過共享跨領域三維資料之方式被克服，進而達成不同的應用需求。
在一座城市中，一般民眾所居住的建物與個人的生命財產安全息息相關，因此建物資訊在三維城市模型中往往被視為最重要的元素之一。然而現階段的應用例中大多仍僅以視覺化呈現為主要功能，故本文提出在3D SDI中的三維建物資料應至少包含該特徵物之建模、辨識、語意資料、細緻度、跨域連結及服務等議題。本研究將針對在災害管理應用中語意充分 (semantic-enriched) 三維建物資料的使用進行評估。依據CityGML的規範，首先建立具有「建物-樓層-戶」階層架構的三維建物資料，同時針對不同階層開發專門的辨識系統，以利辨別單一階層內的個別特徵物，並與其他不同來源的資料做連結，例如戶籍資訊。藉由回顧並比較過去之三維水災模擬研究分析的成果，本研究成果顯示此改良式的三維建物資料能有效針對特定階層之特徵物分析災害所造成之直接影響，亦能以視覺化方式呈現豐富的分析成果來輔助決策，例如：展示在特定樓層內有多少受困人數。由於SDI的優勢在於分享可靠度足夠之資訊、促進不同專業領域之應用以及避免重復性資料建構所導致的成本開支，故本研究建議有必要針對所提出的三維建物資料結構進一步檢視不同細緻度下的成果及更多樣化的呈現，以期更具經濟效益之發展應用。

In recent years, the demands of 3D cyber-city have been steadily growing. Today's organizations are trying to introduce 3D applications and technologies in their day-to-day processes. Thus, it expands the availability of the quantity, accuracy, and type of spatially referenced 3D data. With this capacity also comes the potential for substantial effort of duplication or the underutilization of valuable information that often has been created at considerable cost and effort. Moreover, knowledge of this 3D domain is still lacking and partly due to the lack of a generic approach to handling and utilize the 3D geo-information in Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). To enable the requirement of extending 2D data into 3D, traditional SDI needs to evolve into 3D SDI with new proposed technology. Within 3D SDI, all of these problems can be overcome by cross-domain 3D data sharing to meet different application needs.
With strong links to the citizens’ lives, building information is considered as the most important component in the 3D urban model. While many current applications are restricted to visualization only, we argue the 3D building data in 3D SDI must at least consider the issues of feature modeling, identification, semantics, level of details, cross-domain linking and services. This study intends to assess the use of the semantic-enriched 3D building data in the applications of disaster management. Based on CityGML, we first create 3D building data based on a hierarchy of building-storey-household representation. Identifier systems are respectively developed for each level of features for the purpose of identifying individual features and linking to other sources of data, e.g., the household registration information. By reviewing and comparing the outcomes of the past research of 3D flood simulation, we demonstrate the improved 3D building data additionally enables the direct impact analysis at the chosen level of features, as well as visually present enriched analyzed outcomes for decision making, e.g., the number of trapped people in specific floor. As the merits of the SDI is to share reliable information, encourage multiple-purpose applications and avoid duplicated spending, we thereby conclude the necessity to further examine the level of details and multiple representations of the serviced 3D building data for cost-effective application development.

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