本研究旨在探討歐盟各國的最終能源消費效率對 GDP 及有害氣體排放污染的關聯性。隨著全球經濟的快速發展，空氣污染問題日益嚴重，對人類健康和經濟發展產生重大影響。研究利用資料包絡分析法 (DEA) 評估歐盟各國在經濟產出與空氣污染管理上的相對效率，並識別出高效和低效國家。通過收集和整理歐盟會員國的空氣污染數據和經濟產出數據，重點分析 PM2.5、氮氧化物 (NOx)、二氧化硫 (SO2) 和二氧化碳 (CO2) 等主要污染物與各國 GDP 之間的相關性。
研究結果顯示，空氣污染對經濟發展有顯著影響，尤其是在健康成本、勞動力生產率和資源配置效率方面。健康成本增加、勞動力生產率下降、經濟活動地理分布變化和環境退化等，都是空氣污染對經濟產出構成的重大挑戰。研究發現，高效國家在空氣污染控制和經濟發展方面具有最佳實踐，低效國家則需要改進其政策措施。
本研究強調了推動綠色技術應用、加強環境法規執行和發展可再生能源的重要性，提出具體政策建議以實現經濟與環境的協同發展。研究結果為政策制定者提供了科學依據，幫助各國政府在保持經濟增長的同時，有效控制和減少空氣污染，實現可持續發展目標 (SDGs)。此外，本研究還希望能提供更多關於不同國家在經濟發展與空氣污染控制方面的比較分析，為全球範圍內的環境治理和經濟政策提供借鑒和參考。

This study examines the relationship between final energy consumption efficiency, GDP, and harmful gas emissions in EU countries. As the global economy grows, air pollution significantly impacts health and economic development. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the study evaluates the efficiency of EU countries in managing economic output and air pollution, identifying both high and low-efficiency countries. The study correlates data on pollutants like PM2.5, NOx, SO2, and CO2 with GDP.
The findings indicate that air pollution significantly impacts economic development, particularly regarding health costs, labor productivity, and resource allocation efficiency. Increased health costs, decreased labor productivity, changes in the geographical distribution of economic activities, and environmental degradation are major challenges posed by air pollution to economic output. The study reveals that high-efficiency countries have best practices in air pollution control and economic development, while low-efficiency countries need to improve their policies.
The study highlights the need for green technology, stronger environmental regulations, and renewable energy development. It provides policy recommendations for economic and environmental synergy, offering scientific evidence for policymakers to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). It also offers a comparative analysis of countries' efforts in air pollution control and economic development, providing insights for global policies.

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