本研究旨在探討依鐵路公司透過調整票價以影響搭乘者之選擇行為使系統表現最佳化之鐵路客運定價問題。鐵路系統之使用者以自私的追求最小化自身一般化成本的概念做其路徑選擇之決策，而為了取得使用者的選擇行為，本研究提出一個根據公開發表之列車時刻表所發展出的時空擴展網路(STEN)，並開發出一種基於使用者均衡概念來應用在鐵路運輸上之模型。由於此一時空擴展網路的設計，可使困難的二階擁擠收費在該鐵路系統中即如同一階擁擠收費般簡易，並提出一種基於下降方向搜尋的啟發式演算法來有效的推定最佳的訂價方案。
由數值分析的結果可得知，透過求得之定價策略可通過改變成搭乘者之選擇行為以推動系統達成最佳表現，實驗結果也表明，鐵路公司只需要適度調整其定價結構，即可達成最佳的系統性能。

We investigate the railway passenger pricing problem in which a railway company adjusts its ticket prices to affect passengers’ choices so that the system’s performance can be optimized. Passengers in the railway system make their route choices selfishly to minimize their generalized costs. To capture passenger choices, a space time expense network (STEN) is generated according to published timetables, and a model based on the user equilibrium principle widely used in roadway traffic is developed. Due to the design of the STEN, the difficult second-best congestion pricing in such railway systems is as straightforward as the first-best congestion pricing. A descent direction based heuristic is proposed to determine the optimal pricing scheme in an efficient manner. Numerical results demonstrate that the resulting pricing strategy can drive the system to its best performance by changing passenger choices. The empirical results also show that a railway company only needs to modestly adjust its pricing structure to achieve optimal system performance.

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