近年有研究指出，應用腦機介面(Brain-Computer-Interface, BCI)的視覺回授以及中風患者想像動作時的大腦神經元刺激，可以有效幫助患者在大腦皮質認知(cognitive)與感覺運動(sensory-motor)區域之神經復健，透過活化受損區域或其他部位的大腦神經元，達到腦部功能復健之目的。同時，亦有團隊發現利用經顱直流電刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS)於中風病患復健，可誘發大腦電位聯結並重組神經功能性結構，以改善其運動功能。
本研究旨在整合腦機介面與經顱直流電刺激，希望結合此兩種不同的大腦神經活化機制，能幫助中風病患恢復其運動控制能力而提升生活品質。腦機介面識別系統部分使用共同空間型樣法，找出受測者對於想像左右手動作時之腦波特徵，藉此提升事件相關腦波的辨識率。本研究共徵召8位常人與2位中風病人，10位受測者隨機分為接受陽極直流電刺激的實驗組5人，以及接受偽陽極電刺激的對照組5人，實驗組在每次腦機介面訓練之前，需要先經過2mA的直流電刺激20分鐘，對照組則僅接受30秒電刺激。離線分析兩組受測者之腦波結果發現，陽極電刺激組之游標控制成功率沒有明顯改善，但反應時間則有明顯下降，另外，利用複雜網路分析大腦聯結變化以及磁振造影結果發現，經過訓練後之陽極電刺激組神經節點連結數增加，聯結訊號強度增強，聯結聚集程度較密集，由此推測陽極電刺激可能使大腦重塑，改善受測者之反應速度。

Recent studies showed that using the feedback of brain-computer- interface (BCI) driven by imaginary movement of stroke patients can provide effective stimulation on the neurous in the cognitive and sensory-motor cortex. Neural rehabilitation can be achieved by activating the neurons in the lesion or other sites. The transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was employed to treat stroke patients and it was found that the potential connectivity and functional structure of the brain can be reorganized.
The goal of this study is to integrate the BCI and the tDCS on stroke patients to improve their hand motor controllability. The common spatial filter method was adopted to improve the BCI system developed by us. Eight healthy and two chronic stroke patients were recruited for testing the rehabilitation system. The subjects were randomly divided into tDCS and sham-tDCS. The tDCS group receives 2mA DC stimulation for 20 minutes before each BCI training. On the other hand, the sham-tDCS group only receives same DC stimulation for just 30 seconds. Off-line analyses of the EEG of all subjects showed that the accuracy of cursor control via the BCI is not improved by tDCS. On the contrary, the reaction time is reduced significantly. The brain connectivity analyses showed that for the tDCS group the number of connected nodes was increased, the connecting strength was enhanced and so was the degree of clustering. The results conclude that anodal-tDCS might facilitate the organization of the brain manifested by the reduced reaction time.

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