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研究生： 劉沛昇
Liu, Pei-Sheng
論文名稱： 最大化社會福利之政府綠色政策選擇研究
Selection Model of Government Green Policies toward Social Welfare Maximization
指導教授： 王泰裕
Wang, Tai-Yu
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 工業與資訊管理學系
Department of Industrial and Information Management
論文出版年： 2013
畢業學年度： 101
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 88
中文關鍵詞： 綠色供應鏈 、政府綠色政策 、混合整數規劃 、社會福利
外文關鍵詞： green supply chain, green policy, mixed integer programming, social welfare
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    • 工業革命以來，環境汙染的情況日益嚴重，溫室效應更導致全球海平面上升，地球的生態已經受到嚴重的威脅，國際間紛紛提出「永續」的口號，希望能減少各產業產生的汙染。綠色供應鏈加入了環境的考量，希望降低對環境造成的危害，但是發展綠色供應鏈除了需要額外的成本，消費者普遍缺乏回收動機也使得回收品的來源充滿不確定性。政府應該扮演規劃者的角色，擬定適當的政策，幫助綠色供應鏈的發展，唯有環境和產業的發展齊頭並進，才能促進社會整體利益。
    綠色政策工具有許多種類，政府應選擇適當的政策，提高回收率使綠色供應鏈運作的更有效率。過去有許多學者探討政府涉入綠色供應鏈的議題，雖然關於此類的研究相當多元且豐富，但大多數只討論政府採用單一政策工具的情況，例如只採用補貼或是課徵處理費等政策，有部分研究同時考量補貼與課徵處理費的情況，但往往都將對象限制在製造商與回收商，為了達到環境永續經營，政府應該考慮同時採用多種政策來幫助綠色供應鏈。
    本研究透過混合整數規劃，建立一個考量多種綠色政策的綠色供應鏈模型，探討政府如何選擇適當的政策組合幫助綠色供應鏈的運作，並將政策的對象從製造商與回收商延伸到消費者端，根據研究結果可以發現，政府綠色政策選擇的關鍵在於製造活動是否會對環境產生巨大成本，當製造活動對環境的危害相當大時，應該採取課徵處理費或罰金等政策以降低製造活動，若製造活動不會產生巨大環境成本時，則採取補貼金等政策可以有效刺激回收量使再生物料不虞匱乏，本研究除了考量廠商的獲利外，也兼顧政府的收支與對環境的影響，希望綠色供應鏈運作的更有效率，使社會福利達到最大化。

    Since the industrial revolution, environmental pollution is getting worse. The earth's ecosystem has been seriously threatened. Many countries put "sustainable" as a slogan, hoping to reduce the pollution. Green Supply Chain emphasizes environmental protection, and the development of green supply chain becomes more important. However, it needs additional costs. On the other hand, Consumers generally lack motivation to recycle, it makes the recovered material sources uncertain. Governments should develop the appropriate policies to help green supply chain. Only combining environmental protection with economic development can prosper the society.
    There are many types of green supply chain policies. Governments should select the appropriate policies to help green supply chain to improve its recovery rate, reduce pollutions, and make green supply chain more efficient. In the past, many researches investigate the green supply chain policies, but most of them only discuss the situation on setting a single policy. In addition, some researches confines the object of study to manufacturers and recyclers. Governments should consider using a variety of policies to help green supply chain.
    To investigate how governments selects the appropriate green policies to help green supply chain. This research use mixed integer programming to establish a green supply chain model with different green policies. According to the research results, the key of the policies choice is whether manufacturing activities have a huge environmental costs. When manufacturing activities is harmful to the environment, governments should select penalty policies to reduce the pollutions. On the contrary, governments should select subsidy policies to stimulate the recovery rate.

    摘要 ....................................................................................................................................... I Abstract .................................................................................................................................II 誌謝 .................................................................................................................................... III 目錄 .................................................................................................................................... IV 表目錄 ................................................................................................................................ VI 圖目錄 ...............................................................................................................................VII 第一章 緒論 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景與動機..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究目的................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 研究範圍................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 研究限制................................................................................................................. 4 1.5 研究流程................................................................................................................. 4 第二章 文獻探討 .............................................................................................................. 6 2.1 綠色供應鏈之相關研究......................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 綠色供應鏈的定義........................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 綠色供應鏈的營運......................................................................................... 11 2.1.3 綠色供應鏈的永續經營................................................................................. 16 2.2 政府涉入綠色供應鏈之相關研究....................................................................... 17 2.2.1 政府涉入綠色供應鏈..................................................................................... 17 2.2.2 政府經濟誘因工具......................................................................................... 19 2.2.3 各國政府的回收政策整理............................................................................. 22 2.2.4 台灣的資源回收政策..................................................................................... 30 2.3 社會福利 ............................................................................................................ 34 2.4 混合整數規劃 .................................................................................................... 35 2.4.1 混合整數規劃理論......................................................................................... 35 2.4.2 混合整數規劃的應用..................................................................................... 37 2.5 小結....................................................................................................................... 37 第三章 政府綠色政策選擇模式 .................................................................................... 39 3.1 綠色供應鏈體系與架構....................................................................................... 39 3.2 模式基本假設....................................................................................................... 41 3.3 考量政府綠色政策之政策選擇模式................................................................... 44 3.3.1 模式符號設定................................................................................................. 44 3.3.2 綠色政策選擇模式建立................................................................................. 46 3.4 考量台灣綠色政策之政策選擇模式................................................................... 52 3.4.1 模式符號設定................................................................................................. 53 3.4.2 台灣綠色政策選擇模式建立......................................................................... 54 3.5 求解方法............................................................................................................... 63 3.6 小結....................................................................................................................... 63 第四章 數值分析 ............................................................................................................ 64 4.1 參數設定............................................................................................................... 64 4.2 數值敏感度分析................................................................................................... 68 4.3 小結....................................................................................................................... 79 第五章 結論與建議 ........................................................................................................ 80 5.1 結論與建議........................................................................................................... 80 5.2 研究貢獻............................................................................................................... 82 5.3 未來研究方向與展望........................................................................................... 83 參考文獻 ............................................................................................................................ 84 附錄 .................................................................................................................................... 87

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    參考網站
    行政院環境保護署網站http://ivy5.epa.gov.tw/epalaw/
    環保署資源回收管理基金管理委員會http://recycle.epa.gov.tw/Recycle/index2.aspx International Data Corporation (IDC) http://www.idc.com/

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