本研究取三種不同環境(大型斷面水槽、安平港港內、柴山海域)的水面為反射水表面，又利用GPS訊號對水表面具有強反射能力的特性，在不同環境的瞬時水面GPS反射訊號做進一步的分析。GPS反射訊號之反射強度與衛星仰角、波浪週期、波浪波形、水之介電係數、水深與遮蔽作用等因素有關，本研究在不同環境下所得到的GPS相位觀測量進行數位訊號處理、空間與瞬時水位變化相關分析及由波形推算波高之分析。
以大型斷面水槽進行波浪週期5秒與6秒、波高60公分之造波，探討RGPS反射點高程值、波高計量測值與衛星訊號強度值(SNR)三者之間的相關性，藉以驗證GPS反射訊號量測波形與水位變化之精確性與實用性。本實驗以GPS雙頻接收儀、右旋天線及經過特殊設計的左旋偏極化天線，在同一時間接收4-7顆即時傳達到的GPS衛星訊號與經過不同的瞬時水面波形變化之反射訊號，進一步做空間與訊號時序分析，並將每一筆GPS直接與反射訊號觀測值(10Hz)之相位觀測量做推算，得到的GPS反射點坐標 ，轉換為經緯度及橢球高坐標值，又將橢球高減去大地起伏值得到反射點正高值，經緯度值呈現反射點移動軌跡，而反射點正高值，則呈現瞬時水位變化不同的波形結果。
在大型斷面水槽波浪5秒週期與波浪6秒週期精確性可達0.1秒精度，量測60公分波高波浪波形與水位變化吻合性可達5公分精度，其中GPS衛星PRN9、PRN27之反射訊號量測值與波高計量測值的Pearson相關為中度正相關顯著，顯示RGPS反射訊號有能力在大型斷面水槽量測瞬時水面波高的變化，進而推算波形的變化，量測安平港港口船造波20公分波浪水位變化吻合性可達5公分精度，有完整的波高變化結果，進而推算波形的變化，量測柴山60~80公分波浪波形與水位變化吻合性可達5公分精度，其中GPS衛星PRN17之反射訊號量測值與衛星訊號強度之Pearson相關係數為中度正相關顯著，表示可利用GPS反射訊號來量測大範圍海面瞬時海面波高的變化，進而推算海面波形的變化。

關鍵字：GPS反射訊號、波形函數、波浪水位

In this study, three different environments (Large cross-section of tank, An-Ping, Harbor Chai Shan Sea area)for the reflective surface of the water, and the use of GPS signals on the water surface reflectance characteristics of strong, real-time water in different environments gps reflected signals for further analysis. GPS reflected signals of the reflection intensity and satellite elevation angle, wave period, wave waveform, the permittivity of water, water depth and shadowing effects and other factors, In this study, obtained under the different environment of GPS phase measurements for digital signal processing, spatial correlation with the real-time water level change and wave height calculated from the waveform analysis.
For waves of large cross-section tank waste of cycle 5 seconds and 6 seconds, the wave height of 60 cm, making waves, reflection of RGPS reflected point elevation values, measured values of Wave Height Meter measurement value with the satellite signal strength (SNR) correlation between the three, in order to verify GPS signals reflected waveform and water level changes in the measurement of accuracy and practicality. In this experiment, dual-frequency GPS receivers, a right-hand circularly antennas, and specially designed a left-hand circularly polarization antenna, 4-7 pieces at the same time to receive real-time communication to the GPS satellite signals and through different variation of the real-time water surface wave reflection signals and further to do with signal timing analysis space, and every sum of direct and reflected GPS signal observations (10Hz) to do projections of volume phase observations, reflections point to get the GPS coordinates into latitude and longitude coordinates and ellipsoidal high( , , ), turn the earth ellipsoid higher minus the ups and downs to the reflex points are worthy of the high value of latitude and longitude values ( , ) showed reflex point movement trajectory, and reflection points are high-value , the real-time water level changes show the results of different waveforms.
In a large cross-section of tank wave waste of 5 seconds period and 6 seconds cycle accuracy up to 0.1 seconds precision, measuring 60 cm wave height and wave-waveform changes consistent level of accuracy up to 5 cm, including GPS satellite PRN9, PRN27 amount of reflected signals measured values and measured values of wave height measurement of the Pearson correlation significant moderate positive correlation, indicating RGPS reflected signals have the ability to sink in a large cross-section of the surface wave height measurement of real-time changes, and then calculate the changes in waveform, the measurement made An-ping harbor boat 20 cm water level changes consistent waves of up to 5 cm accuracy, a complete change in the results of wave height , and then calculate the change in waveform, measuring 60 to 80 cm wave chai-shan waveform consistent with the water level changes of up to 5 cm accuracy, including GPS satellite PRN17 the reflected signals and satellite measurements of signal strength Pearson correlation coefficient significant moderate positive correlation, that can make use of GPS reflected signals to measure a wide range of real-time sea surface wave height changes, and thus the projected sea waveform changes.
Key word:GPS Reflected signal、waveform function、wave level

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