由於近紅外光相較於其他波段的電磁波在生物組織的穿透度最高，可穿透組織中內生的發色團(Chormophore)、血紅蛋白、黑色素(melanin)或脂質，且在適當的雷射強度下，近紅外光對生物體的殺傷力也很低，故選用此波段當做藥物載體的觸發光源是相當恰當的。為突破傳統藥物載體只有運載輸送藥物的功能，後續在藥物載體的發展上更傾向主動式驅動藥物控制釋放(active triggered control drug release)的形態，使醫療過程中，能夠更加準確掌握藥物釋放的空間位置和時間點。且目前裝載於一奈米粒子的藥物通常只有一種，若能將兩種或兩種以上的藥物藉由物理吸附或化學鍵結的方式修飾於單一顆奈米粒子，則在化學治療中的合併治療(combination chemotherapy)上又能開闢一研究新頁。
由於金奈米棒對近紅外光具高效能的光熱轉換性質，故本實驗以金奈米棒當作藥物載體，在其表面進行一連串的表面修飾，其中最重要的表面修飾環節是在金奈米棒上修飾雙股DNA，因我們利用對熱敏感的DNA雙股螺旋來攜帶六配位前驅藥物(Pt(IV)-prodrug)和艾黴素(Doxorubicin)，其中Pt(IV)-prodrug利用醯胺鍵結的方式修飾於互補DNA之尾端，而Dox則以嵌入的方式進入DNA鹼基對中間。當金奈米棒接收近紅外光光源後，將光能轉換成熱能，熱能轉移至金奈米棒表面的雙股DNA時，即可破壞雙股DNA間之氫鍵，使兩股序列解旋去雜交而釋放出Pt(IV)-prodrug和Doxorubicin，藉此方式達到主動式藥物控制釋放。另外，我們也在金奈米棒上修飾抗體，使藥物載體更具標靶的性質。
目前的研究將主動式藥物控制釋放、合併化學治療、標靶定位等三重功能集結於一金奈米棒，未來更可加入金奈米棒之光熱治療和顯影功能，使金奈米棒在生物醫學應用上更具廣度。

The irregular drug release due to a variation in physiological conditions and notched distribution of drug in body leading to adverse reactions are the major drawbacks of conventional drug delivery systems (DDS). In order to improve these drawbacks, externally activated DDS that can trigger release of a drug at the right site and at a appropriate rate in response to the progression of the disease are attractive. Light responsive biomaterials are receiving increasing attention owing to the possibility of them sensitive to innocuous electromagnetic radiation, especially near-infrared (NIR). NIR, ca. 650-900 nm, this window is bounded at the low end by the absorbance of hemoglobin and at the high end by the absorbance of water. Between these limits, light can penetrate tissue on the order of hundreds of micrometers to centimeters.So we use gold nanorods, such geometry allows highly efficient photothermal conversion due to the matched NIR resonant frequency, as the drug carrier. We modified the thermosensitive double helices DNA on gold nanorods, and through Pt-conjugated, Dox-intercalated DNA, both drugs can be codelivered via a single particle. When NIR irradiation heated the nanorods, DNA on the nanorods would dehybridize the double helices and release both drugs, Pt(IV)-prodrug and Doxorubicin. In addition to NIR triggered drug release, we modified epidermal growth factor (EGF) on gold nanorods to specifically target human lung cancer A549.
Multicomponent chemotherapy has increasingly become a strategy of great importance in clinical cancer treatments. We present the codelivery of doxorubicin and Pt(IV)-prodrog via a single gold nanorod and potentially giving rise to enhanced therapeutic efficacy in comparison to the free drug combinations. As such,if the single nanoscale platform have the characters of controlled drug release, specifically targeting and combination chemotherapy, the dose requirement could be lowered to reduce dose-limiting toxicity and increase antitumor activity.

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