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研究生: 林偉元
Lin, Wei-Yuan
論文名稱: 電腦叢集上QuickTime Streaming Server研究
Design and Implementation of A PC Cluster-Based QuickTime Streaming Server
指導教授: 朱治平
Chu, Chih-Ping
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系
Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
論文出版年: 2003
畢業學年度: 91
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 62
中文關鍵詞: 串流叢集
外文關鍵詞: cluster, streaming
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  • 支援串流傳輸(streaming)有三大播放軟體,分別是Microsoft的Windows Media Player、Real公司的RealOne Player及Apple公司的QuickTime Player。其中Apple公司的QuickTime Player由於檔案格式資料及其串流伺服器QTSS(QuickTime Streaming Server)的程式碼已被公開,取得容易,是一值得深度研究的播放軟體。
    本篇論文首先描述QTSS的運作、相關的串流傳輸通訊協定。其次以個人電腦叢集系統為基礎,設計了一個相容於QTSS的叢集式串流伺服器之架構,設計的理念是以提供穩定、高效率、具有擴充性的串流服務為目的,讓使用者可以利用QuickTime Player來播放高品質影片;最後並將所設計之伺服器加以實作及驗證。
    所設計的伺服器架構可細分成叢集系統硬體組成架構、客戶端與伺服器間的網路封包處理架構、伺服器內部架構三部分,在論文中分別加以詳細說明,並在實作後對其效能加以測試及分析,以證明所提出之架構的可行性。

    Currently there are three popular multi-media players - Windows Media Player published by Microsoft Company, RealOne Player published by Real Company, and QuickTime Player published by Apple Company. Because the document of QuickTime file format and the source code of QuickTime Streaming Server are opened and easy to acquire, QuickTime Player is thus worth to be researched further.
    This paper first describes the execution flow of the QTSS and related streaming protocol. Then we design the architecture of a PC Cluster-Based QTSS-compatible Streaming Server. The purpose of this design is providing scalable, stable and efficient streaming service so that users can play movies with high quality by the QuickTime Player. Finally we implement the server and test it.
    The framework of the server we designed has three important parts - the hardware architecture formed by the cluster system, the processing architecture of the packages transferred between clients and the server, and the software architecture supporting working mechanism of important components. We expand the three parts of the framework in this paper and test and analyze the performance of the server to prove the feasibility of this framework.

    第一章 緒論(Introduction) 1 1.1 串流(streaming)伺服器的應用 1 1.2 多媒體資料的串流傳輸 2 1.3 研究叢集QTSS相容伺服器的動機 3 1.4 論文章節安排 4 第二章 背景知識 6 2.1 Mpeg4簡介 6 2.2 QTSS(QuickTime Streaming Server)系統 9 2.2.1 QTSS簡介 9 2.2.2 QTSS架構 10 2.3 RTSP通訊協定與SDP會議描述協定 11 2.3.1 RTSP通訊協定 11 2.3.2 SDP會議描述協定 14 2.4 RTP通訊協定與RTCP通訊協定 15 2.4.1 RTP通訊協定 15 2.4.2 RTCP通訊協定 17 2.5 叢集與負載平衡 18 2.5.1 叢集概念 18 2.5.2 負載平衡 19 2.5.2.1 靜態演算法 21 2.5.2.2 動態演算法 23 第三章 相容於QTSS之叢集式串流伺服器之設計與實作 25 3.1 叢集系統的硬體組成架構 25 3.2 使用者與伺服器間的網路封包處理架構 27 3.2.1 系統的RTSP封包處理架構 28 3.2.2 系統的RTP封包處理架構 29 3.2.3 使用者要求與回應的服務流程 29 3.3 伺服器內部架構及重要元件運作機制 32 3.3.1 負載平衡伺服器內部架構 32 3.3.2 系統負載平衡演算法 34 3.3.2.1 權重的計算方式 34 3.3.2.2 系統負載平衡的控制流程 36 3.3.3 後端伺服器內部架構 38 3.3.4 RTP 串流傳輸 40 3.3.4.1 串流傳輸的方式 41 3.3.4.2 影片資訊的解析 42 3.3.4.3 RTP封包的傳輸 45 第四章 叢集QTSS相容伺服器運作與效能分析 50 4.1 系統運作 50 4.2 效能測試 55 4.2.1 實驗環境 55 4.2.2 測試項目 57 4.2.3 效能分析 59 第五章 結論及未來工作 60 Reference 61

    [1] “MPEG-4”, ISO/IEC 14496-1, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N2201
    [2] D. Singer, Y Lim, “A Framework for the delivery of MPEG-4 over IP-based Protocols”, draft-singer-mpeg4-ip-04, July 2002
    [3] Balabanian , “The Role of DMIF in Support of RTP MPEG-4 Payloads”, draft-ietf-avt-rtp-mpeg4-dmif-00, September 16,1998
    [4] Apple Computer Inc., “Apple - QuickTime - QuickTime Streaming ,Server”, http://www.apple.com/quicktime/products/qtss/, 2003
    [5] Apple Computer Inc., “Apple - Public Source - Darwin Streaming Server”, http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/streaming/, 2003
    [6] Apple Computer Inc., “QuickTime Streaming Server Modules”, http://developer.apple.com/documentation/QuickTime/PDF/QTSS.pdf, February 2002
    [7] Apple Computer Inc., “QuickTime Streaming”, http://developer.apple.com/documentation/QuickTime/PDF/QTStreaming.pdf, February 2002
    [8] Apple Computer Inc., “QuickTime File Format”, http://developer.apple.com/documentation/QuickTime/PDF/QTFileFormat.pdf, 2000
    [9] H. Schulzrinne, Columbia U., A. Rao, R. Lanphier, “Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)”, RFC2326, April 1998
    [10] M. Handley, V. Jacobson, “SDP: Session Description Protocol”, RFC2327, April 1998
    [11] H. Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, V. Jacobson, “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications”, RFC1889, January 1996
    [12] Herpel , Balabanian , Basso , Civanlar , Hoffman , Speer , Schulzrinne , “RTP payload format for MPEG-4 Elementary Streams”, ietf-avt-rtp-mpeg4-00, September 09, 1998
    [13] H. Schulzrinne, “RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control”, RFC1890, January 1996
    [14] P. Srisuresh, D. Gan, “Load Sharing using IP Network Address Translation (LSNAT)”, RFC 2391, August 1998

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