生質柴油是對環境友善且環保的再生能源，常見方法是將植物油、動物油脂或廢油與醇類進行轉酯化反應產出生質柴油，轉酯化反應慢，所以會添加觸媒增加反應並提高產率，工業上常用鹼性觸媒催化轉酯化反應，但其缺點是對油料要求較高，若含有過量的游離脂肪酸，會導致皂化反應發生，降低生質柴油產率並使得後續分離純化困難，因此在轉酯化反應前必須先消除游離脂肪酸才能抑制皂化反應發生。
本研究以高酸價大豆油模擬油料中含過量的游離脂肪酸透過兩階段轉酯化反應來解決此問題，第一階段利用酸觸媒來將油料中的游離脂肪酸酯化，第二階段再以鹼觸媒來進行轉酯化反應生成生質柴油，都使用固相觸媒進行反應，因其容易分離且方便回收再使用。而實驗以H-ZSM5沸石催化酯化反應為主軸，利用高酸價大豆油與過量的甲醇下進行反應，降低油酸含量，探討觸媒使用量與反應溫度對酯化反應的影響，找到合適的反應條件，並進行觸媒耐用性測試及利用XRD、SEM、FTIR、BET、NH3-TPD分析觸媒。
實驗結果顯示在油 : 觸媒 : 油酸 : 甲醇重量比= 1: 0.5: 0.05: 20及溫度60C情況下反應2小時將油酸含量從5.4wt%降至1.5wt%，而耐用性測試固定反應4小時，在第二次反應能將油酸含量降至2wt%左右，最後在兩階段轉酯化反應得部分，原料為油酸含量為5.4wt%的大豆油，以4小時酯化將油酸含量降至1.2wt%，再進行2小時轉酯化，產率可達90%，可應用在高酸價的油料中。

In this study, as-synthesized zeolite H-ZSM5 catalysts were chosen to catalyze the esterification of oleic acids spiked in soybean oil or free fatty acids (FFAs) in waste cooking oil. Zeolite H-ZSM5 was synthesized via hydrothermal processes by using fumed silica as a raw material with an addition of proper aluminum hydroxide, ammonium fluoride and tetrapropylammonium bromide as a templating agent at 170C for 1 day. It was characterized with XRD, SEM, BET, FTIR and TPD. The amount of FFAs existing in oil was successfully reduced below to 2 wt% in 2h at 60C from ca. 6 wt% initially present under proper reaction conditions, after which the transesterification can procced with base zeolite catalysts. Besides, the durability test for H-ZSM5 in esterification reaction was conducted. It was revealed that catalysts became inactive after 7th cycle in which its acid strength and quantity decreased significantly according to the NH3-TPD analysis. A two-stage process was devised to facilitate the production of biodiesel from high acid soybean oil or waste cooking oil, in which the yield could achieve above 80% under appropriate conditions.

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