| 研究生: |
楊明風 Yang, Ming-Feng |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
利用曾文水庫實施水銀行之組織架構與運作探討 Organization and Operation of A Water Bank on the Sample of Tsengwen Reservoir |
| 指導教授: |
周乃昉
Chou, Nai-Fang |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 水利及海洋工程學系碩士在職專班 Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2006 |
| 畢業學年度: | 94 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 72 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 水銀行 、水量移用 、曾文水庫 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Tsengwen reservoir, Water bank, Waster law, Water transfer |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:97 下載:4 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究參照美國水銀行經驗,針對嘉南地區水資源供需現況、曾文水庫各計畫標的間之水量調配實務及滿足新興用水需求下,探討利用曾文水庫之部分蓄水設立一獨立水銀行(簡稱曾文水銀行)之可行性。
水銀行業務本質為水量移用,其運作涉及水量之蓄存、輸送。水量移用實務及合理補償標準之訂定,非單純的個別水權人得以妥善處理,本研究在台灣地區的水利法及相關法規規範下,研擬由一專責機構,水銀行,辦理水量移用相關業務,以職司(1)水源水量不足時標的間之水權水量移用,(2)運用科學技術節水之餘水移用。因此,探討之水銀行係在前述兩種水利法所規定之情況下移用水量,其移用對象依實務需求可分既有水權人,但未能取得足夠用水,及新興需求用水人,無水權卻有用水需求等兩種。
水銀行與一般金融銀行均具有蓄存的動作,但水有地域性,且須配合水權規定及蓄、輸水設施功能運作,本質上「移用」相當於將水「售出」並取得合理補償,亦即水權人將其水量存入水銀行,但原則上不再提領而取得移用補償,水一旦貸出,通常並不歸還而收取合理補償費,此為與一般金融銀行不同之處。
本研究歸納建議三種不同功能與相關運作體系的水銀行,分為資訊型、競價型、經營型三種。而曾文水銀行的可能供水對象為計畫標的間之移用與非計畫標的新興需求用水戶,在新水源開發不及下,移用農業用水將成為水銀行的經常性業務,故宜採用常設性的〝經營型〞水銀行,其功能主要為調查、預測水源水量及各標的所需水量,依預估不足水量主動「買」入可移用水量,當有需求時再移用給需水標的,透過適當補償調節供需,以提高水資源運用效率,減少缺水衝擊。
依法曾文水銀行需受政府主管機關監督管理,本研究在維持水利法對移用水量之公義與效率原則下,建議對水量移用相關條文適度修正,以健全水銀行運作,靈活調配水資源,提高水資源利用的國家總體效益。
This study took the experience of water bank in USA and analyzed the possibility of establishing a water bank from part of the storage in Tsengwen Reservoir (in short, Tsengwen Water Bank.) The goal of Tsengwen Water Bank is to consider the current water supply situation of Chiayi and Tainan water supply districts and to fulfill the newly increased water demands through water re-allocation between project purposes of Tsengwen Reservoir.
The inherent nature of water bank is water transfer. It involves water storage and transmission. To transfer water needs to consider the standard of reasonable compensation and regulation of water right. It is not an individual could take care of. This study proposed a specific organization, water bank, to deal with the water transferring business under the Water Law and related regulations of Taiwan. Water bank should deal with two main topics (1) inter-purposes water transfer during water shortage, (2) surplus water transfer after applying scientific technology. Therefore, water bank could transfer water under previously described situations, the purposes being transferred to could be divided into two kinds: existing water rights owner but not be able to obtain required water, and the newly increased demands which are without water rights but also have needs.
Water banks have the same deposit-withdraw functions as ordinary financial banks, but water is regional oriented and has to be stored or transferred according to water rights. In essence, to transfer water equals to sell water and get compensated reasonably, which means that water right owner deposit water into water bank but would not withdraw it again instead they take money for compensation. Once water is loaned, usually water is not returned but a reasonable compensation fee is charged, and it’s very different from ordinary financial banks.
This study suggested three different types of water banks: informational type, bid type, and managing type. The supply objects of Tsengwen Water Bank are primarily the newly increased water demand and inter-purposes water transfer. Transferring agricultural water would be a normal business for water banks in the situation that new water resource is not yet developed. Therefore, a managing type of water bank should be set to fit the needs of Tsengwen Reservoir. Functions of this water bank should include investigating and predicting the amount of water resources and demands, buying water in advance and supplying it through proper compensation mechanism when there is a transferring requirement. Thus, water supply is well-regulated and efficiency of water resources utilization is improved and the water deficit impact is mitigated.
The Tsengwen Water Bank should be under the supervision of government administration by water law. This study suggested water transfer under the principle of fairness, justice and efficiency. Some articles of water law should be mended in order to let water bank and water allocation operate well. Thus more benefits of water resources utilization will be promised in the future.
1. 中興工程顧問有限公司,「農業用水與公共用水事業合作組成區域供水調度機制及組織可行性探討計畫」,經濟部水利署,(2004)。
2. 日本工營株式會社,曾文水庫工程定案報告(中文譯本),(1971)。
3. 甘俊二、鄭昌奇、黃振昌、張煜權、宋勳,「嘉南地區農業用水節水他用之研究(2/2)」,經濟部水資源局,(2001)。
4. 台灣省曾文水庫建設委員會,曾文水庫建設誌上冊,(1974)。
5. 朱柏松,「水權之理論與實務(上)」,台大法學論叢,第25卷,第2期,第265-307頁,(1996)。
6. 李鴻源、單信瑜、游景雲、梁淑婷、謝菊穗,「水源移用之價格成本分析探討」,第3-4頁,第9-10頁,(2002)。
7. 李源泉、鄭昌奇,「水資源多目標有效運用管理機制」,經濟部水利署水利規劃試驗所,(2004)。
8. 吳再益、許惠悰,「區域水銀行建立-農田水利會之永續經營策略研究」,經濟部水資源局,(2000)。
9. 吳再益、葉世旭、闕雅文,「台灣水市場制度之芻議」,水資源管理季刊,第4卷,第1期,第9-13頁,(2002)。
10. 林幸樺,「乾旱時期農業用水移用水量之補償標準」,台灣經濟研究月刊,第19卷,第7期,第32-37頁,(1996)。
11. 林幸樺,「水資源價格分析-調整水價與開徵水權費」,台灣經濟研究月刊,第20卷,第4期,第96-103頁,(1997)。
12. 徐享崑,「二十一世紀台灣地區水資源永續發展的政策與措施」,中華水資源管理季刊,第5期,第9-22頁,(2000)。
13. 洪德生,「市場機制與水資源管理」,水資源管理會刊,第6期,第1-6頁,(2000)。
14. 胡均立、林幸樺,「水權及其移用水量補償標準之訂定」,台灣經濟研究月刊,第19卷,第7期,第10-15頁,(1996)。
15. 南部科學工業園區,「南科移用農業用水水價協商簡報」,(2004)。
16. 陳伸賢,「生命之水、永續之水、台灣之水」,水資源管理會刊,第6卷,第1期,第1-7頁,(2004)。
17. 陳明健,黃文利,「水權制度變遷與成就」,水資源管理季刊,第5期,第77-84頁,(2000)。
18. 陳明健,「臺灣灌溉水權及水市場之經濟分析」,農業與經濟(Agriculture and Economics),第30期 ,第1- 26頁,(2003)。
19. 黃珮貞、陳效禹,「中加州灌溉行政中心農業用水節水他用-加州用水移轉制度介紹」,節約用水季刊,第22期,第38-42頁,(2001)。
20. 黃月娟,「長期移用水量所涉水權登記問題之探討」,農業工程學報,第47卷,第4期,第90-101頁,(2001)。
21. 經濟部水資源局、台灣經濟研究院,「迎向新世紀-水權制度之展望」國際研討會論文集,(1999)。
22. 楊豊榮、周乃昉、顏君凌、鄭子連,「曾文水庫營運分析」,新世紀水資源問題研析與對策研討會論文集,台南、臺灣,PP.100- 113,(2001)。
23. 謝佩君,「美國西部水權制度簡介」,水資源管理季刊,第6期,第26-29頁,(2000)。
24. 蕭景楷、方竟曉,「水權重分派的機制與水市場-以美國西部為例」,台灣經濟月刊,第246期,第1-16頁,(1997)。
25. 虞國興、蔡宜樺譯,「21世紀水資源管理」,Terence Richard Lee原著,(2004)。
26. Peter Wilson,「Management of the California State Water Project」,Bulletin 132-97,Chapter 3,P.23,(1999)。
27. Richard E. Howitt, 「Empirical analysis of water market institutions:The 1991 California Water Market」,(1994)。
28. West Water Resarch,Washington Department of Ecology,「Analysis of Water Banks in the United States」,PP.2-11,PP.37- 43,PP.61-66.,(2004)。
29. W. K. Jaeger,「Potential Benefits of water Bank and Water Transfers.」,(2004)。
30. IDAHO Department of Administrative,Department of Water Resource,「37.02.03 Water Supply Bank Rules」, http://adm.idaho.gov/adminrules/rules/idapa37/37index.htm。
31. Idaho Department of Water Resource,Water Resource Board,「Idaho Water Supply Bank」,http://www.idwr.state.id.us/waterboard/water%20bank/。
32. 周嫦娥、陳雅琴,「邁向綠色矽島之水資源管理新思維」,經濟情勢暨評論季刊,第6卷,第2期,(2000),http://www.moea.gov.tw/~ecobook/season/8909/q6-2-a5.htm。
33. 张丽君,「国外水市场与水转让经验」,中国宏观经济信息网,(2001),http://www.macrochina.com.cn/zhzt/000022/004/20010418000785.shtml。
34. 赵乐诗 、马祖融,「美国的水权、水分配机制」,中国水利,總454期,第6期,(2001),http://www.cws.net.cn/Journal/cwr/200106/24.html。